Breeding Crista && Franny 

Artificial Breeding … Human intervention in animal or plant reproduction to ensure that certain desirable traits are represented in successive generations.1 Used to change the characteristics of an existing breed or to produce a new one This concept can be achieved through a combination of precise genetic mapping, high-resolution chromosome haplotyping and extensive phenotyping.2

Types -Cloning -Transgenic -Genetic Modification -Embryo Tech.

How it’s done….. Human artificial insemination A woman's menstrual cycle is closely observed, using ovulation kits, ultrasounds or blood tests. When an ovum is released, semen from a donor is inserted into her body. After the donation the sperm must immediately be “washed” in a laboratory. The process of “washing” the sperm increases the chances of fertilization and removes any chemicals in the semen that may cause discomfort for the woman. A chemical is added to the sperm that will separate the most active sperm in the sample. If the procedure is successful, she conceives and bears to term a baby as normal, making her both the genetic and gestational mother.3

Today’s Applications Glow in the Dark Pig Picking genes in the rice genome Designer babies

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4840229n&tag=api

Future Applications In the future scientists will be able to cure genetic diseases in embryos by placing new sections of healthy DNA. Iran plans to use cloning as a way to treat stroke patients Medicines will be produced by “breeding” bacteria

Ethical?? Artificial breeding can be an opportunity for mankind to remake itself healthy and powerful Some people believe in artificial breeding because this eliminates the chance of a serious disease to occur in an offspring “ I disagree completely. One is, when you move away from diseases, who's to say what's the better trait? Is it better to be red-headed than it is to be brown-haired? Is it better to have freckles or not? Those sorts of things are subjective and in some ways driven by our culture," –Dr. Arthur Caplan 4

Other Countries Africa- Norman Borlaug inbred maize lines. Over 60,000 plants have been bred and their genes have been altered to make a perfect maize plant.5 Korea- Scientist are using breeding technology to contribute to the development of the abalone species.6 France-For over 20 years France has researched breeding structures and now uses insemination for their cattle breeding industry. 7

Same or Different?? Basically, all over the world scientists are using artificial breeding the same way the United States is. Countries are using this technique to better the economy and their business industries.

*Work Citied 1. http://www.answers.com/topic/artificial-selection 2.http://www.keygene.com/keygene-inc/pdf/AR%20Breeding%20By%20Design.pdf 3.http://www.noorclinic.com/health_articles/pregnancy/artificial_insemination.htm 4.http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/03/earlyshow/health/main4840346.shtml 5. http://www.africancrops.net 6.http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AB731E/AB731E00.htm 7.http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/livest/article/PIIS0301622698001407/abstract