9 HAND TOOLS

Objectives The student should be able to: Describe what tool is the best to use for each job. Discuss how to safely use hand tools. Explain the difference between the brand name (trade name) and the proper name for tools. Explain how to maintain hand tools.

Wrenches Most used hand tool by service technicians Most are constructed of forged alloy steel Available in fractional and metric sizes

Figure 9-4 The end of a box-end wrench is angled 15 degrees to allow clearance for nearby objects or other fasteners. Figure 9-4 The end of a box-end wrench is angled 15 degrees to allow clearance for nearby objects or other fasteners.

Figure 9-7 The end of a typical line wrench, which shows that it is capable of grasping most of the head of the fitting. Figure 9-7 The end of a typical line wrench, which shows that it is capable of grasping most of the head of the fitting.

Figure 9-3 A typical box-end wrench is able to grip the bolt or nut at points completely around the fastener. Each end is a different size. Figure 9-3 A typical box-end wrench is able to grip the bolt or nut at points completely around the fastener. Each end is a different size.

Figure 9-8 A typical ratchet used to rotate a socket Figure 9-8 A typical ratchet used to rotate a socket. A ratchet makes a ratcheting noise when it is being rotated in the opposite direction from loosening or tightening. A knob or lever on the ratchet allows the user to switch directions. Figure 9-8 A typical ratchet used to rotate a socket. A ratchet makes a ratcheting noise when it is being rotated in the opposite direction from loosening or tightening. A knob or lever on the ratchet allows the user to switch directions. ¼”, 3/8”, ½”

TECH TIP Clockwise to Tighten Counter to loosen BACK TO PRESENTATION Clockwise to Tighten Counter to loosen It is sometimes confusing which way to rotate a wrench or screwdriver, especially when the head of the fastener is pointing away from you. To help visualize while looking at the fastener, say “righty tighty, lefty loosey.”

Figure 9-10 The most commonly used socket drive sizes include 1/4 in Figure 9-10 The most commonly used socket drive sizes include 1/4 in., 3/8 in., and 1/2 in. drive. Figure 9-10 The most commonly used socket drive sizes include 1/4 in., 3/8 in., and 1/2 in. drive.

Figure 9-11 A 6-point socket fits the head of the bolt or nut on all sides. A 12-point socket can round off the head of a bolt or nut if a lot of force is applied. Figure 9-11 A 6-point socket fits the head of the bolt or nut on all sides. A 12-point socket can round off the head of a bolt or nut if a lot of force is applied.

Figure 9-16 Deep sockets allow access to the nut that has a stud plus other locations needing great depth, such as spark plugs. Figure 9-16 Deep sockets allow access to the nut that has a stud plus other locations needing great depth, such as spark plugs.

Figure 10-6 A black impact socket Figure 10-6 A black impact socket. Always use impact-type sockets whenever using an impact wrench to avoid the possibility of shattering the socket, which can cause personal injury. Figure 10-6 A black impact socket. Always use impact-type sockets whenever using an impact wrench to avoid the possibility of shattering the socket, which can cause personal injury.

Figure 9-9 A typical flex handle used to rotate a socket, also called a breaker bar because it usually has a longer handle than a ratchet and, therefore, can be used to apply more torque to a fastener than a ratchet. Figure 9-9 A typical flex handle used to rotate a socket, also called a breaker bar because it usually has a longer handle than a ratchet and, therefore, can be used to apply more torque to a fastener than a ratchet.

Ratchets, Sockets, and Extensions Torque Wrenches Two basic types: Clicker-type Beam- or dial-type

Figure 10-3 A typical 1/2 in. drive impact wrench

Figure 9-17 A flat-tip (straight blade) screwdriver Figure 9-17 A flat-tip (straight blade) screwdriver. The width of the blade should match the width of the slot in the fastener being loosened or tightened. Figure 9-17 A flat-tip (straight blade) screwdriver. The width of the blade should match the width of the slot in the fastener being loosened or tightened.

Figure 9-18 Two stubby screwdrivers that are used to access screws that have limited space above. A straight blade is on top and a #2 Phillips screwdriver is on the bottom. Figure 9-18 Two stubby screwdrivers that are used to access screws that have limited space above. A straight blade is on top and a #2 Phillips screwdriver is on the bottom.

Figure 9-20 An impact screwdriver used to remove slotted or Phillips head fasteners that cannot be broken loose using a standard screwdriver. Figure 9-20 An impact screwdriver used to remove slotted or Phillips head fasteners that cannot be broken loose using a standard screwdriver.

Figure 9-21 A typical ball-peen hammer.

Figure 9-22 A rubber mallet used to deliver a force to an object without harming the surface.

Figure 9-24 Typical slip-joint pliers, which are also common household pliers. The slip joint allows the jaws to be opened to two different settings. Figure 9-24 Typical slip-joint pliers, which are also common household pliers. The slip joint allows the jaws to be opened to two different settings.

Figure 9-28 Needle-nose pliers are used where there is limited access to a wire or pin that needs to be installed or removed. Figure 9-28 Needle-nose pliers are used where there is limited access to a wire or pin that needs to be installed or removed.

Figure 9-27 Diagonal-cut pliers are another common tool that has many names.

Figure 9-29 Locking pliers are best known by their trade name Vise-Grip®.

Figure 9-42 A typical beginning technician tool set that includes the basic tools to get started.

Figure 10-9 A fluorescent trouble light operates cooler and is safer to use in the shop because it is protected against accidental breakage where gasoline or other flammable liquids would happen to come in contact with the light. Figure 10-9 A fluorescent trouble light operates cooler and is safer to use in the shop because it is protected against accidental breakage where gasoline or other flammable liquids would happen to come in contact with the light.