AP Human Geography Political - Chapter 8 Political Geography Warm Up: Thinking like a (political) geographer… What does political organization of space mean? llhammon Spring 2014

What is a “political” geographer? Studies human claims and conflicts concerning the use, patterns, and ownership of the land and its resources

The World As We See It?

The World In Reality What is the difference?

Why do we divide the world?

How to influence decision making? Geography Where? Why there? Consequences? Politics How to influence decision making? Political Geography

6 Themes of Political Geography Political Identity 6 Themes of Political Geography Resources and Power People and Their Competing Needs Institutions Authority and Sovereignty Role of Strategic Action

Defining States and Development of the State Concept Problems of defining states Almost all habitable land belongs to a country today In 1940, there were about 60 countries Today, there are 193 countries (as evidenced by United Nations membership) Some places are difficult to classify Korea: one state or two? Western Sahara (Sahrawi Republic) or Morocco? Claims to polar regions: Many claims. China and Taiwan: one state or two?

What is a state? The term country is a synonym for state 4 elements: People – contains a permanent population Territory – occupies a defined territory on the earth’s surface Government – rules people Sovereignty - control over its internal and foreign affairs, independent from other states Concept of dividing world into independent states is recent What is a state?

What is a nation? A social/cultural concept, more so tied to ethnicity Historical community that shares common ancestry; a people with a sense of union with one another Not every nation has a state Kurds, Palestinians Some states contain more than one nation Belgium, UK, Canada Some nations are larger than one state About 4 millions Jews live in Israel, many members of the Jewish nation living elsewhere in the world (US/Eastern Europe) What is a nation? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10

The “Perfect” European Model of State Nation-state: A political unit wherein the territorial state coincides with the area settled by a certain national group or people. Although seldom achieved in practice outside of European core, it is the standard to which other global states are compared today. The “Perfect” European Model of State State: Nation: Laws ------ ------- -------- Nation-State: nationalism

Nation-state? Self-determination – concept that every nation/ethnicity has the right to govern themselves Very few, if any, nation-states Iceland, Sweden, Japan, Greece are mostly culturally homogenous with few minorities Advantages of a nation-state? Why is the idea of a nation-state not necessarily realistic?

How many Nation-States would there be? What would Africa look like if divided by Ethnicity? How many Nation-States would there be?

How would you define the following and give an example? Multistate nation Example? ISRAEL Multiethnic state Example? USA Multinational state Examples? RUSSIA Stateless Nation Example? Tibetans How would you define the following and give an example?

Geographic Relationships between States and Nations WS Match the descriptions (1-8) to the corresponding graphic (A-H) Next to each graphic, write how many states are present and how many nations are present If possible, identify the states based on the description We’ll do the first one together Take your time and discuss with your group Geographic Relationships between States and Nations WS

Answers Palestinians, 3 states (Israel/Jordan/Syria), 1 nation Icelanders, 1 state (Iceland), 1 nation Flemings and Walloons, 1 state (Belgium), 2 nations Albanians, 2 states (Albania/Kosovo), 1 nation Hungarians, 2 states (Hungary, Romania), 1 nation USSR, 1 state, over 100 nations Bretons and Basques, 1 state (France), 2 nations Germans, 3 states (Germany/Austria/Switzerland), 1 nation Answers