Maternal gestational vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone health (MAVIDOS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial 

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Maternal gestational vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone health (MAVIDOS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial  Prof Cyrus Cooper, FMedSci, Prof Nicholas C Harvey, PhD, Prof Nicholas J Bishop, MD, Prof Stephen Kennedy, MBBS, Prof Aris T Papageorghiou, MD, Inez Schoenmakers, PhD, Robert Fraser, MD, Saurabh V Gandhi, MRCOG, Prof Andrew Carr, DSc, Stefania D'Angelo, MSc, Sarah R Crozier, PhD, Rebecca J Moon, BM, Prof Nigel K Arden, MD, Prof Elaine M Dennison, PhD, Prof Keith M Godfrey, PhD, Prof Hazel M Inskip, PhD, Ann Prentice, PhD, Prof M Zulf Mughal, FRCPCH, Prof Richard Eastell, MD, Prof David M Reid, MD, M Kassim Javaid, PhD  The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology  Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 393-402 (May 2016) DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00044-9 Copyright © 2016 Cooper et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Trial profile 25(OH)D=25-hydroxyvitamin D. DXA=dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. *Assessments could be done in both the whole body and spine within the same neonate. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016 4, 393-402DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00044-9) Copyright © 2016 Cooper et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Neonatal whole-body bone mineral content (A), bone area (B), and bone mineral density (C) by intervention group and season of birth Data shown are mean and 95% CI. Winter is December to February, spring is March to May, summer is June to August, and autumn is September to November. BMC=bone mineral content. BMD=bone mineral density. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016 4, 393-402DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00044-9) Copyright © 2016 Cooper et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Maternal 25(OH)D status at baseline (14 weeks' gestation) and 34 weeks' gestation by intervention group and season of birth Data shown are mean and 95% CI. Winter is December to February, spring is March to May, summer is June to August, and autumn is September to November. 25(OH)D=25-hydroxyvitamin D. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016 4, 393-402DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00044-9) Copyright © 2016 Cooper et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions