Translation norms

Polysystems approach and DTS Target orientation – the study of translated texts and their functions in the TS From single texts to systems The study of translated texts within the target norms G. Toury,(1995) Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, Amsterdam, John Benjamins T. Hermans, On Modelling Translation: Models Norms and the Field of Translation, Livius 4 (1993)

DTS Translation is a fact of the target culture (G. Toury) Translation replaces the ST for the TC (T. Hermans)

Norms What are norms? What are conventions? What is the role of norms?

The initial norms – acceptability vs. adequacy Norms – G. Toury The initial norms – acceptability vs. adequacy Preliminary norms – translation policy, social attitudes, Operational norms – strategies (selection of vocabulary)

Expectancy norms <> preliminary Professional norms Norms - Chesterman Expectancy norms <> preliminary Professional norms accountability (ethics)/communication/relation (ST<>TG) Constraints: patronage, poetics, the universe of discourse, languages, ideology. (See Lefevere)

Evidence of norms Translated texts Translators’ statements, prefaces, anthologies Professional documents( reviews, codes of practices, contracts)

Questions Are norms static or changing? If changing, why do they change? Do translators encourage change, or promote change?

Lost in Translation 1

Lost in Translation 2

French

German 1 1995

German 2 1994