Bell Ringer How did the different Gunpowder Empires interact with people of different religions?

A B C

Absolutism in Europe Essential Question: Why did absolute rule develop throughout most of Europe but not in England?

Absolute Monarchy A ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people Divine right – the belief that a monarchs power comes from God

Absolute Power in Spain Philip II, king of Spain, used the military to fight religious wars Tried to crush a Protestant revolt in the Netherlands Defeated an Ottoman (Muslim) fleet Philip prepared a huge armada, or fleet Armada’s eventual defeat led to Spanish decline

Absolute Power in France Louis XIV – took the sun as the symbol of his absolute power *Why the sun? Never called the estates general (?) Strongest army in Europe (400,000 soldiers) Controlled all of France from his palace at Versailles Promoted religious harmony by persecuting Huguenots, French protestants

Czar – title of the ruler in the Russian empire Absolutism in Russia Peter the Great Czar – title of the ruler in the Russian empire Forced westernization upon his subjects Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture Built a new capital at St. Petersburg

Strengthened the institution of serfdom Absolutism in Russia Catherine the Great Defeated Ottoman forces – gained access to warm water port on Black Sea Why was this important? Strengthened the institution of serfdom

Constitutional Monarchy in England After the death of Queen Elizabeth Tudor, who had no heir, royal power shifted to her cousins from Scotland, the Stuarts. The Stuarts Dynasty firmly believed in divine right Refused to share power with parliament Led to a civil war – resulted in the execution of Charles I Resulted in the creation of a military dictatorship called the Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell

Constitutional Monarchy in England After Cromwell’s death Parliament restored the monarchy because they were frustrated with the strict rule of the Commonwealth. Stuart monarchs once again clashed with Parliament in the Glorious Revolution Bloodless, replaced the monarchs with ones who would respect parliament’s power

Constitutional Monarchy in England New monarchs signed the English Bill of Rights ensuring basic rights and the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy England became a limited monarchy, a type of government with a constitution or legislature that limited the power of the monarchs

Essential Question Why did absolute rule develop throughout most of Europe but not in England?

Comic Strip Students will create a comic strip depicting the differences between absolute and constitutional monarchy. Must be at least six slides in length Each slide must contain both drawings and text Each slide must directly deal with the topic