Before and After Evaluation of High Visibility Enforcement Campaigns Using Quantifiable Measurements Traffic Records Forum 2016 August 9, 2016 Kelvin R. Santiago-Chaparro Assistant Researcher ksantiago@wisc.edu Andrea R. Bill Safety Program Manager bill@wisc.edu David A. Noyce Director danoyce@wisc.edu Robert Schneider Assistant Professor / UWM rjschnei@uwm.edu

Outline Objectives and goals Preliminary survey and results Data collection challenges Data collection setup Accuracy of quantitative measurements Work ahead

Objectives Understand comprehension of laws governing pedestrian-vehicle interactions through the use of in- person and online surveys. Study pedestrian and vehicle interactions before and after high visibility enforcement deployments using quantitative measurements that include vehicle trajectory analysis. Develop the required data collection procedures and tools to support the required research tasks.

Survey-Based Evaluation

Survey Goals Level of comfort that officers have with enforcement of traffic laws governing right of way between pedestrians and vehicles. Level of comprehension of laws governing right of way between pedestrians and vehicles by general public. Perception of general public and officers regarding prevailing behaviors between drivers and pedestrians.

Results: Survey of Officers Preliminary survey conducted during high visibility enforcement training. Officers more comfortable citing non-yielding drivers than non-yielding pedestrians. Questions also asked about general behavior of yielding behavior observed at communities. Level of comfort with issuing yielding violation citations Pedestrians Drivers 21 officers responded to the initial survey.

Results: Survey of Officers Yielding of drivers towards pedestrians when turning right on intersection without indication is not consistent. Yielding of drivers towards pedestrians crossing on a marked crosswalk part of unsignalized intersection not consistent. Pedestrian compliance with the “don’t walk” indication is not consistent. Yield No Yield 40% 60% Yield No Yield 53% 47% Yield No Yield 58% 42%

Next Steps on Survey Expand the number of officers surveyed. Conduct similar survey for general public using paper- based methods to target senior citizens. Conduct online survey.

Field-Based Evaluation

Data Collection Challenges Obtain the trajectory of vehicles to understand drivers reaction when pedestrian presence on the road. Existing data collection tools such as speed guns do not provide continuous measurements that can be used to obtain vehicle trajectories. More advanced tools require image processing techniques or significant post-processing efforts.

Selected Detection Technology Existing radar-based vehicle detection system used. Commercially available unit used as alternative to induction or video- based detection. Rich dataset goes unused other than for activating detection zones.

Data Collection Equipment Recent expansion of low cost single board computers. Computing power has overcome most existing traffic hardware. Devices are battery powered and perfect for field deployments.

Data Collection Equipment Recent expansion of low cost single board computers. Computing power has overcome most existing traffic hardware. Devices are battery powered and perfect for field deployments.

Data Collection Approach Software developed to monitor underlying vehicle trajectory of radar devices. Configured to run on Raspberry Pi computer. Battery powered approach to simplify deployment across multiple locations.

Accuracy of Vehicle Trajectories Radar device rated for 2 MPH accuracy. Ground truth vehicle trajectories compared with radar trajectories. Ground truth obtained from vehicle OBD-II port. Comparison suggest trajectories are virtually the same. The trajectory data will be combined with video

Video and Trajectory Data If internet is available the video can be played. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnmjaYT_nYk Video from location and trajectory data will be integrated to make decisions about behavior of pedestrians and vehicles before and after the high visibility enforcement efforts

Work Ahead Conduct quantitative evaluation next to areas with high visibility enforcement (HVE) efforts. Analyze before and after data to see if behavior of drivers and pedestrian changed after the HVE.

Before and After Evaluation of High Visibility Enforcement Campaigns Using Quantifiable Measurements Traffic Records Forum 2016 August 9, 2016 Kelvin R. Santiago-Chaparro Assistant Researcher ksantiago@wisc.edu Andrea R. Bill Safety Program Manager bill@wisc.edu David A. Noyce Director danoyce@wisc.edu Robert Schneider Assistant Professor / UWM rjschnei@uwm.edu