PREVIEWING THE COURSE AND THE SOCIETAL CONTEXT ~ ~ ~ (a) Is This the Right Course for You? (b) Inactivity & Obesity: Causes, Risks, and Costs

Introductory Kinesiology This course focusses on the study of: Human movement, growth, and development Effects of physical activity on health and performance Physiological, psychological, and social factors affecting participation in physical activity and sport

Career Preparation This course prepares students for university programs in: Kinesiology Physical education and health Health sciences and health studies Recreation and leisure Sports administration

Introducing Kinesiology Chapter 1 Introducing Kinesiology Chapter 1 introduces several over-arching themes. The Physical Inactivity Crisis Health Risks of Inactivity & Obesity Health-Care Costs of Inactivity Benefits of Physical Activity Reducing Lifestyle Diseases Physical Literacy Roles of Schools and Communities Long-Term Athlete Development What is Kinesiology? Career Paths in Kinesiology

Focussing Question “What are the root causes of the twin problems of inactivity and obesity worldwide and in Canada, and how can we address them?”

Physical Inactivity and Obesity Crises Causes for the twin problems of inactivity and obesity include: Urbanization Motorized transport Mechanization of labour Sedentarism (TV watching, Internet, video games) Processed foods high in sugars and starches Increased portion sizes Lonely Clip Hockey Clip

The Physical Inactivity Crisis—Males

The Physical Inactivity Crisis—Females

World Health Trends Throughout the world, the numbers of persons who are obese or overweight have escalated steadily in most countries in recent years.

Our evolution …

Lifestyle Diseases © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. ~ ~ ~ Lifestyle diseases (“acquired diseases”) are illnesses that are largely preventable and that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Probable Causes!? Diet Harmful lifestyle Sedentarism Health Risks of Physical Inactivity & Obesity Inactivity and obesity are primary determinants of lifestyle diseases such as: Coronary artery disease Ischemic strokes Type 2 diabetes Some cancers Osteoporosis Kidney disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic liver disease Depression Probable Causes!? Diet Harmful lifestyle Sedentarism

The Health-Care Costs of Inactivity

Food … Fast food, large portion sizes and all you can eat are now a part of today’s culture Convenience, single serving foods that are routinely consumed in watching TV add to the dilemma The average size hamburger has increased in size by 112% since 1970 The average soft drink serving has increased from 6oz to 20oz since 1970 The average serving size French fries has increased by 168% since 1970

Inactivity Statistics Physical activity among Canadian children has declined by over 20% in the past thirty years. 57% of Canadian children and youth aged five to seventeen years were not sufficiently active to meet international guidelines for optimal growth and development. 82% of adolescents are not active enough with only 12% of girls and 24% of boys considered active enough The prevalence of overweight boys and girls in Canada has increased by 92% and 57% respectively over the past 15 years Between 40-90% of inactive children will continue to be sedentary as adults facing increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer

What Can you do to limit your sedentary behaviour? monitoring your recreational screen time, as well as other sedentary activities, such as riding in cars and buses Look at the amount of time you spend indoors throughout the day too, because that may involve a lot of sitting. You can then make decisions about substituting active alternatives, such as doing things outdoors, participating in school or community recreation programs, or using active transportation – for example, walking or biking to get where you want to go.

© 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Reduce Lifestyle Diseases By Changing Diet, Environment, & Activity Level 30 © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Revisiting the Question “What are the root causes of the twin problems of inactivity and obesity worldwide and in Canada, and how can we address them?”

SUMMARY changes in lifestyle habits, Physical activity is essential for a healthy mind and body. Sedentarism and poor diet underlie the twin problems of physical inactivity and obesity. Combatting these problems will require changes in lifestyle habits, support for school and community physical activity programs, and enlightened public health policies

OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ~ ~ ~ (a) Types of Barriers Confronting Canadians (b) Ways to Overcome Barriers to Physical Activity

Focussing Question ~ ~ ~ “What prevents people from being physically active and how can we as a society overcome these obstacles?”

Environmental Barriers Built environments play a major role in levels of physical activity: Built environments are human-made settings for human activity. Consist of buildings, neighbourhoods, cities, infrastructure, and parks or green space Sometimes discourage active transportation (walking, biking, rollerblading) Sometimes encourage passive transportation via cars and public transit

Socioeconomic Barriers ~~~ Socioeconomic barriers are those associated with the social standing of an individual or group, typically measured as a combination of income, education, and occupation. For example: One in five Canadian families cannot afford to enroll their children in recreation programs. These families need subsidies for registration, equipment, and transportation costs. Aboriginal families can be especially disadvantaged. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Cultural Barriers © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. ~~~ Multiculturalism is a celebration of diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. It was adopted as official government policy during the 1970s and 1980s. By the early twenty-first century, newcomers from outside British and French heritage composed the majority of the Canadian population. New Canadians tend to face barriers to sport and physical activity despite Canada’s policy of multiculturalism. Canadian Sport Policy aims to increase access to sport for new immigrants. More needs to be done to reduce language barriers and the isolation that many newcomers experience. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Personal Barriers © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. ~~~ Personal barriers are obstacles that are definitely real and serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least partially, under the control of the individual (finding time to exercise, lack of confidence, lack of motivation, and so on). These barriers might include: Lack of time Lack of energy Poor diet No access to gym or gym equipment Financial constraints © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Psychological Barriers ~~~ Psychological barriers are obstacles that are real and serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least partially, “in the mind” or in the attitude of the individual. These barriers might include: Fear of pain and physical exertion Self-consciousness about appearance A perception that physical exercise is boring © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Overcoming Environmental Barriers Suggestions: Establish “Active and Safe Routes to School” community programs. Pressure governments to increase funding for parks, playgrounds, safe pedestrian walkways, bike paths, street lighting, etc. Take stairs rather than elevators or escalators. Engage in “mobile meetings” and walk or bike rather than drive or take the bus. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Overcoming Cultural Barriers Suggestions: The Sport Information Resource Centre and Sport Canada are concerned about cultural barriers to physical activity. Lack of government policies with respect to multiculturalism and sport must be addressed. Government and support agencies must find ways to provide information about sport and recreation opportunities to newcomers. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

© 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Supporting Recreation and Sport Opportunities for Newcomers to Canada © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Overcoming Personal Barriers Suggestions: Take stairs; walk, jog, bike, rollerblade, skateboard to school or work. Reduce TV watching and screen time. Work out during TV commercials. Start at 10 min of exercise per day and build from there. Use your own body; there is no need for fancy gym equipment. Switch from junk food to healthy foods. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Overcoming Psychological Barriers Suggestions: Find a form of physical activity that is fun. Stop a particular exercise if it hurts. Work out in a less competitive environment. Seek out a support system. Choose social activities that don’t involve sitting. Reward yourself in healthy ways. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Revisiting the Question ~ ~ ~ “What prevents people from being physically active and how can we as a society overcome these obstacles?” © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

© 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. SUMMARY Barriers to physical activity can be environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, personal, or psychological. Once we identify barriers to physical activity, we can devise creative ways to overcome them. Lifestyle diseases can be prevented or reduced by changes in diet, avoidance of tobacco, and regular physical activity. © 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Please Read … Page 18-30 for Thursday!