Satellite based Sensors for Agricultural Applications K. R. Manjunath krmanjunath@isro.gov.in Earth Observations System Programme Office ISRO HQ, Bangalore National Conference on – Innovations in Agricultural mechanization – Development of linkage among R&D - Industry – Farmers, Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi June 7-8, 2016

EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES LAND & WATER HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN WEATHER; CLIMATE RESOURCESAT-2 CARTOSAT-2; 2A; 2B OCEANSAT-2 INSAT-3A (2003) (2011) (2009) KALPANA-1 (2002) (2007) RISAT-1 (2008) (2010) MEGHA- TROPIQUES SARAL RISAT-2 CARTOSAT-1 (2013) INSAT-3D (2012) (2012) (2011) (2005) (2013) 1 KM 0.65 M IMAGING CAPABILITY

Land & Water Resources REQUIREMENTS FOR OBSERVATION GAP AREAS MAJOR APPLICATIONS Multiple in-season crop condition & production, Horticulture Inventory, Watershed planning, Forest cover / biomass, Command area development, Land Resources Information Crop discrimination, Pest & disease forecasting, Mineralogical mapping Snow cover/depth, Glacier monitoring Landslide susceptibility & subsidence studies Coal fires, Fire risk zone, Rapid burnt area assessment REQUIREMENTS FOR OBSERVATION Multi-tier imaging in VNIR & SWIR with wider swath, ~ 20 m resolution with frequent revisit. High Resolution data (<1.0m) All weather imaging (C, S, L band) Coarser resolution (MX) data- everyday coverage HYSI narrow band width - VNIR and SWIR. Thermal imaging Interferometry missions EO MISSIONS In-Orbit Resourcesat -2 (2011), Carto-2 (2007) RISAT-1 (2012) Approved Resourcesat -2A (2016), Carto-2E, 3 GISAT-1 (2017), INSAT-3DR/3DS (2016) Planned Resourcesat-3/3A,/3B (2019, 20, 21) NISAR (2020) Resourcesat -3S/3SA/3SB (2019-21) Oceansat-3/3A/3B-2018 RISAT-1A, RISAT-1B (2019, 2020) GAP AREAS Frequent observations in both optical and microwave domains Hyper-spectral data (Carto-3 in 2018) Thermal data (Landsat-8-OLI, ASTER, MODIS) Interferometry (ALOS-2, NISAR in 2020)

EO Missions – Future Plan CARTOSAT-2E RESOURCESAT-2A High Resolution panchromatic and Multispectral Imaging To provide continuity for Resourcesat-2 Payloads Payloads LISS 4 (5.8 m, 70 km swath, 10 bit) LISS 3 (23 m, 141 km swath, 10 bit) AWiFS (56 m, 800 km swath, 12 bit) PAN (0.65 m, 10 km swath, 11 bit) MX (2m , 10 km swath, 4 Xs, 11 bit) Orbit : 500 km Local time: 0930 hrs Orbit : 817 km Local time: 1030 hrs (2017) (2016) CARTOSAT-3 GISAT/ GeoHR imager Very High Resolution Panchromatic, Multispectral and Hyperspectral Mission Geosynchronous Orbit Payloads Payloads High res. multi-spectral 6 bands, VNIR : 50m Hyper spectral VNIR: 60 bands, 320m Hyper spectral SWIR :150 bands, 192m Multi –spectral LWIR Imager:6 bands, 1.5km PAN (0.25 m, 16 km swath, 11 bit) MX (1m , 16 km swath, 11 bit) Orbit : 36000 km Every 30 min observations over India Orbit : 450 km Local time: 1030 hrs (2018) (2017)

EO Missions – Future Plan OCEANSAT-3/ 3A/3B SCATSAT-1 Continuity of ocean colour data with global wind vector and SST Wind Vector Data for cyclone Forecasting and numerical modeling Payloads 13-band Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) (360 m, 1420 km swath) 2 band longwave infrared, 1080 m, 1400 km Ku-Band Pencil Scatterometer, 13.51 GHz, 1400 km Swath Payload Ku-Band Pencil Scatterometer, 13.51 GHz, 1400 km Swath Orbit : 720 km Local time: 18:00 hrs Orbit : 720 km Local time: 12-00 noon (2016) (2018) Resourcesat -3/3A/3B Resourcesat -3S/3SA/3SB Improved spatial resolution, spectral resolution and 4 day revisit frequency High Resolution Stereo Imaging capability Payloads ALISS-3 (5 MX bands, 10, 20m) 740 km swath, Repetivity-4 days( 20m), 11(10m) ATCOR (0.4-1 um, 240 m SWIR: 740km with 3-EOMs Payloads 2-PAN Fore and AFT with 5 deg (Stereo, 1.25 m, 60 km swath) 0.45-.9 um, 26deg, MX (2.5m, 60 km swath) Orbit : 630 km Local time: 1030 hrs Orbit : 795 km Local time: 1030 hrs (2020-22) (2019-21)

EO Missions – Future Plan RISAT-1 A/ 1B INSAT-3DR/ 3DS Continuity of C-band SAR imaging Geosynchronous Orbit Payloads Imager - 6 channel Sounder -19 channel Payloads C- band SAR 5.35 GHz frequency 5 imaging modes, Multipolarimetric (linear and circular polarization) Orbit : 36000 km Every 30 min observations over India Orbit : 560 km 6AM/6PM (2019-20) (2016-17/ spare) NASA-ISRO SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (NISAR) Design & Development of Dual frequency (L & S Band) Radar Imaging Satellite jointly by ISRO & NASA Estimating agricultural biomass over full duration of crop cycle Improving the forest biomass estimates Monitoring disasters like flood, oil slick, forest fire, etc. Regional level applications - Ground water monitoring, coastal zone studies, landslide, land subsidence studies, Mangrove characterization, etc Science applications like Monitoring the dynamics of ice sheets/ mountain glaciers, Assessing soil moisture in the agricultural fields, etc. Applications Orbit 747km 6AM/ 6PM (2020)

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