The Holocaust 1933- 1945 Ms. Williams

Key terms Genocide: Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part

Key terms Concentration Camps 1933-1945 Death Camps- converted by Nazis to kill massive amounts of people Collaborators- those who sided with the Nazis

Key terms Anti-Semitism- hatred of Jews Total War- every resource is put to use; unrestricted weapons; civilians are targeted Total war creates the conditions for genocide to occur

What is the Holocaust? The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire."

Historical Anti-semitism- “why the Jews? During the Middle Ages- Martin Luther and early modern German anti-semitism The Spanish Inquisition Reconquista 1492 Phillip II The Enlightenment

UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide The Convention defines genocide as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

a. Killing members of the group;
b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;


What is Genocide? c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; 
d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

1945: Nuremburg Military Tribunals Trials

The 8 Stages of Genocide- Gregory Stanton 1. Classification- Laws must define who is Jewish and German -1920 Nazi Party platform states that Jews cannot be German citizens or belong to the nation. -1935 Revoke German citizenship to any one of Jewish decent. 2. Symbolization- once the target group is defined, badges or ID cards must be made to be able to identify members

Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Adolf Hitler comes to power and immediately seeks to limit political opponents Hitler outlawed all other political parties, including the socialist party by July 1933 Hitler defines German citizenship as Aryan only 1935- Jews are excluded from public life

Stages of Genocide 3. Dehumanization- target group members are compared to animals; hate propaganda becomes intense and villifies the group/ incites to violence 4. Organization- militias and or violence is advocated; militias are trained - Kristalnacht, Nov 1938- Pogroms

“Peoples’ Receiver” – Josef Goebbels, Propaganda minister

“All of Germany Hears the Fuhrer’s Message with the people’s radio”

Hitler: Time’s Man of the Year 1938 “For Better or Worse”

Stages of Genocide 5. Polarization: extremists drive the moderates apart; radicals take over the dialogue. Moderates are the first to be arrested and killed. 6. Preparation: symbols become law, the target group is separated and isolated from the rest of the population; ghettoization occurs

Dutch Jews being led to the Theresenstaat Ghetto

Stages of Genocide 7. Extermination- The mass killing of people occurs, often downward spiral into massive group on group violence 1939-1942: Einsatzgruppen killings 1942 Wansee Conference “The Final Solution” Death camps

Auschwitz- IG Farben

Doors of Auschwitz: “Work is freedom”

Final Stage of Genocide 8. Denial- mass coverups, reburials and denials occur Holocaust “deniers”

Martin Neimoller First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out -- 
Because I was not a Socialist.Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out -- 
Because I was not a Trade Unionist.Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out -- 
Because I was not a Jew.Then they came for me -- and there was no one left to speak for me.

The World Says “Never Again”

Sources US Holocaust Museum http://www.ushmm.org/museum/ Genocide Watch http://www.genocidewatch.org/aboutgenocide/8stagesofgenocide.html