Minerals and Mining.

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Presentation transcript:

Minerals and Mining

Minerals Concentration of naturally occurring elements in/on Earth. Formed over millions of yrs  non-renewable resource.

Sodium Chloride Crystal What We Mine?!? Metallic minerals: Iron, Copper, Aluminum Non-metallic minerals: salt, clay, sand Energy minerals: coal, oil, uranium Crushed Iron Sodium Chloride Crystal “Dur”rty Coal

Ore Rock that has metallic mineral. Usable stuff is the mineral Gold Rock that has metallic mineral. Usable stuff is the mineral Non-usable is called gangue  landfill Gangue

Smelters Used to remove mineral from gangue in an ore  major polluters (Runescape!).

Bauxite Most Important Aluminum Ore

Oxygen: The Most Abundant Element in the Earth’s Crust

Finding Mineral Deposits Use aerial photos and satellite images to see rock formations.

Finding Mineral Deposits Use planes w/ Geiger meter (uranium) or magnetometer (iron) Geiger Meter…Only $460! Magnetometer… Only $700!

Finding Mineral Deposits Drilling a deep well and extracting ore samples. Exploration Drilling

Surface Mining Minerals must be shallowly deposited. Removed rock and soil is called overburden or spoil.

Types of Surface Mining Open Pit Mining Dig hole and remove ores Fe, Cu, and Sand

Types of Surface Mining Dredging (Sand) Draglines scrape up underwater mineral deposits

Types of Surface Mining Area Strip Mining Cut new strips away; spoil placed on side, mineral taken out.

Types of Surface Mining Mountaintop Removal Use TNT, huge shovels, and large machines to remove top of a mtn and expose coal underneath.

Case Study Gold: Cyanide Heap Leaching Cyanide sprayed on low grade gold ore in a giant heap (pile). Gold flows down w/ cyanide and is collected at bottom of heap. Heap

Case Study Gold: Cyanide Heap Leaching Toxic to birds and mammals. Leach ponds can overflow  H2O pollution Leaky liners? Leach Liner

Used to remove minerals deep in Earth’s surface. Subsurface Mining Used to remove minerals deep in Earth’s surface. Less env. Impact

Types of Subsurface Mining Room and Pillar Machines are used to cut out minerals and are placed on a shuttle car. Scraper

Types of Subsurface Mining Longwall Coal Mining Moveable steel props support cave while machinery cut off coal onto a conveyor belt.

Environmental Damage Collapse/subsidence of land from subsurface mines. Causes houses to tilt, sewer lines crack, gas mains break.

Environmental Damage Wind/water carry away [by erosion] toxic mining waste. Goes in food webs and watersheds.

Environmental Damage Habitat Loss!!

My Home!!!

Transportation of minerals  global warming, lung probs. Environmental Damage Transportation of minerals  global warming, lung probs.

Bacteria eat FeS in spoil  create H2SO4  runs off into streams Environmental Damage Acid mine drainage Bacteria eat FeS in spoil  create H2SO4  runs off into streams

Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act Mining ops must reclaim area after land has been used and abused. Must put aside $$$ to reclaim before mining op’s begin. States oversee Act. Land put back, trees grow, no toxic runoff!