Warm Up Use chapter 31, sec 3 to answer the following: Fascism, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Nazism, Mein Kampf, lebensraum Use your noggin! EQ#1: How did Hitler maintain power? EQ#2:Why did a movement like fascism and leaders like Mussolini & Hitler come to power during a period of crisis?

Warm Up Answers Fascism: new, militant political movement emphasizing loyalty to the state & obedience to its leader Benito Mussolini: Fascist leader of Italy Adolf Hitler: leader of Germany and the Nazi Party Nazism: group practicing its own “German” brand of fascism; overturn Versailles Treaty Mein Kampf: Hitler’s jailhouse “autobiography” that set forth his beliefs & goals for Germany Lebensraum: “living space”; Hitler said Germans needed more

EQ Answers EQ#1: Adolf Hitler maintained power in Germany by having his enemies murdered by the SS, using media & arts for propaganda, and making children join Nazi organizations EQ#2: Men like Hitler and Mussolini came to power when and how they did because they others for their country’s problems and offered simple solutions

Rise of Fascism Objective: Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia by comparing the policies of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and Hirohito in Japan.

Main Idea In response to political turmoil and economic crises, Italy and Germany turned to totalitarian dictators.

Why Important? These dictators changed the course of history, and the world is still recovering from their abuse of power.

Fascism is…. New, militant political movement emphasizing loyalty to the state & obedience to the leader. NO clear theory in fascism

Fascism Shares Fascists shared several ideas: Nations must struggle (peaceful nations must be conquered) Pledge loyalty to authoritarian leader People of Fascist nations typically wore uniforms of same color, had special salute, & held rallies

Fascism vs. Communism Both: Differences: One-party rule Denied individual rights State is supreme Differences: Fascism is a classless society Fascists = upper classes Fascists were nationalists

Italian Fascism Arose out of bitter disappointment when Italy failed to win large territorial gains after WWI Other contributors: Inflation Increased unemployment

Benito Mussolini Played on fears of all classes (worker’s revolt) Founded Fascism in 1919 October 1922: march on Rome; fascists demanded king out Mussolini in power “Il Duce” (leader) Abolished democracy No other political parties Secret police jailed opponents

Rise of the Nazis Held the belief that Germany HAD to overturn the Treaty of Versailles Adopted the swastika and set up “Storm Troopers”/Brown Shirts (militia groups) Adolf Hitler’s organization and success as a speaker earned him the title “Der Furher” (leader) of the Nazis.

Hitler Attempted a “march on Munich”, but was unsuccessful Result = Jail “Wrote” Mein Kampf” ; set forth Hitler’s beliefs for Germany Aryans = “master race” Vows to regain German lands

Aryans and Lebensraum Who is an Aryan? Lebensraum: Germany is overcrowded; people need more living space Hitler promises to get this “space” by conquering eastern Europe and Russia!

Hitler is Chancellor 1932: Nazi Party is the largest! Conservative members of parliament advise President Hindenburg to name Hitler as Chancellor (MISTAKE!!!) Hitler uses his new power to turn Germany in to a TOTALITARIAN STATE!!!

Hitler in Power Bans all political parties (except Nazi) and arrests any opponents Creates the SS (Schutzstaffel) or protection squad & Gestapo to make German’s obedient to Hitler Nazis took control of economy (banned strikes, dissolved labor unions, & gave govt authority over business) Used Propaganda to control every aspect of German life!

Attacks the Jews Anti-Semitism key aspect of Nazi ideology Though Jews made up less than 1% of the population, the Nazis used them as scapegoats for Germany’s troubles Resulted in laws being passed depriving Jews of their rights Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass) = signals start of Jewish elimination

Kristallnacht November 9-10, 1938 Nazi mobs attack Jews in their homes 30,000 Jews sent to concentration camps Nazi mobs attack Jews in their homes Destroy thousands of Jewish-owned buildings “Night of the Broken Glass” Signaled the “real” start of the process of eliminating the Jews from German life

1935 Nuremberg Laws

Nuremberg Laws Section 1 1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or kindred blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded in defiance of this law are void, even if, for the purpose of evading this law, they were concluded abroad. 2. Proceedings for annulment may be initiated only by the Public Prosecutor. Section 2 Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden. Section 3 Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German or kindred blood as domestic servants. Section 4 1. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors. 2. On the other hand they are permitted to display the Jewish colors. The exercise of this right is protected by the State.