Lesson 32

Today’s Agenda The Power of Darkness Romanticism notes “The Devil and Tom Walker” pp. 228+ Review skills Making and Verifying Predictions Characterization: Direct and Indirect Omniscient POV Review setting Divide up story Read Illustrate Present

Today’s Agenda Five minutes to finish up “The Raven” packet Plot diagram the poem Effect of sound devices Characterization Point of View Theme

The American Short Story Early America = no place for made-up stories created for entertainment purposes Elements Setting Characters Point of view Theme Plot

Plot Diagram Exposition: Midnight, December, study, gothic, Lenore – his lost love- has died INCITING INCIDENT Tapping on the door RISING ACTION Discussions with the raven CLIMAX Narrator becomes irate and orders the bird to leave FALLING ACTION Bird sits and stares CONCLUSION Soul be lifted nevermore

Sound Devices Alliteration Consonance Assonance Onomatopoeia What effect do the sound devices have? Sounds work together to create suspense – build excitement How different would it be if Poe would have written, “I was falling asleep while I was reading. I was trying to forget about Lenore. Then, I heard a knock on my door. A raven flew in and sat on my door frame…”

Characterization Direct Indirect Explicit statements about a character Indirect Character's words and actions Other characters’ opinions about that character Characterization can do more than describe the character. Can give clues about what might happen in the plot Influence the reader’s view of the character Add humor or suspense to the story

Characterization in “The Raven” How does Poe create the main character in “The Raven”? Indirect characterization – narrator seems cray cray. Talks to a bird, at first is happy/hopeful to see him (turn my sadness into smiling) – then he becomes angry and screams for the raven to leave him alone

Point of View 1st Omniscient ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES More details/descriptions DISADVANTAGES Could be biased Omniscient Unlimited knowledge Can describe any events & emotions Allows reader to know more characters more deeply Unbiased character telling the story May have too much information and it may lessen the suspense

Point of View in “The Raven” What is the point of view? How did you determine that? First person

Theme What is the THEME of “The Raven”? Big idea – madness Evidence Theme – Isolation incites

“The Devil and Tom Walker” by Washington Irving First American author to become famous outside of his own country – took traditional European narratives and gave them American settings. Written in 1800s but set in the late 1700s– as Puritanism was fading and commercialism was on the rise

Making and Verifying Predictions Three steps to success: Ask yourself what you know about the story and characters and situation; look for descriptions and clues. Ask yourself what your experiences have taught you about situations and people like those in the story. Based on what you discovered in steps 1 and 2, ask yourself what you think will happen.

“Like most short cuts it was an ill-chosen route.” What do you predict? Something bad will happen. Why? “ill chosen” = bad Short cuts usually don’t produce desired results

Characterization Mean Girls- How Do I Even Begin to Explain Regina George - YouTube Direct Explicit statements about a character Indirect Character's words and actions Other characters’ opinions about that character Characterization can do more than describe the character. Can give clues about what might happen in the plot Influence the reader’s view of the character Add humor or suspense to the story

Begin Reading What is the setting? Who are the main characters? Boston, Massachusetts 1727 Who are the main characters? Tom Walker His wife What do we already know about them? They are miserly. How do we know this? Direct characterization “…they were so miserly that they even conspired to cheat each other.” Indirect characterization Through character’s actions Wife hid things away; grabbed eggs the moment the hen cackled Tom searched for “common property” House had an “air of starvation” Horse was malnourished Read 2 paragraphs and 1st sentence of 3rd paragraph and then ask first bulleted question Read rest of 3rd paragraph and ask the rest of the bulleted questions

Read and Illustrate and Present Group 1: pg. 230 “The house and its inmates” to pg. 231“sacrifices to the evil spirit” Group 2: pg. 231 “Tom Walker, however” to p. 233 “until he totally disappeared” Group 3: pg. 233 “When Tom reached home” to p. 234 “with an air of surly triumph” Group 4: pg. 234 “The most current…” to p. 235 “…said the black man” Group 5: pg. 236 “I’ll do it tomorrow…” to pg. 237 “Tom’s zeal became as notorious…” Group 6: pg. 237 “Still in spite of…” to pg. 238 “… if I made a farthing”

Omniscient POV – check this – are there any questions about POV on the test?????? ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Unlimited knowledge May have too much information and it may lessen the suspense Can describe any events & emotions Allows reader to know more characters more deeply Unbiased character telling the story

“The Devil and Tom Walker” Where does your section fit on the plot diagram?