Central Electricity Authority Grid Management Division & Regional Power Committees( RPCs) Vijay Menghani Director B.E,MBA Nothing is more terrible than activity without insight. Thomas Carlyle

Focus Objectives-MBO- Management by Objective What is in it for me? Why Should I learn? How it affect my work? How it affect my organization? How my Organization interact with other Components How it affect my Customer? Can I contribute in it’s improvement based on my experience? 2

Why we should know about it 3

Need of training Guru: Paan saday, ghoda aday, vidya bisar jaye, roti jaley angar pe, koh chela, kis pher? Chela: Guruji, phera nahi;

Need of Grid Management

Unmanaged / Manage Congestion/Accident Smooth Flow, Efficient and economic and most important Secure 12/2/20166 Like Traffic Rule there is Indian Electricity Grid Code ( IEGC)

7 Evolving Industry Structure : Business NOT as Usual 7

Structure of Indian Electricity Sector & RPCs

9 Power System Related Installed Capacity: 275 GW Renewables Capacity: 36 GW – Wind (23 GW), Solar (4 GW) No. of 400kV & above Trans. Line: 1300 Nos., 765 kV (65 Nos.) Number of Generating Units: 1750 Nos., 500 MW & above (140 Nos.) Grid Operation Related Peak Demand Met: 145 GW reached 150 GW in Sept,2015 Energy Met (Avg.): 3100 MU/day Max. Wind Generation: 240 MU/day Short Term Open Access: 240 MU/day Inter-regional Exchange: 225 MU/day Typical Statistics

Evolution of the Grid 10 Pre 1991: Five Regional Grids - Five Frequencies October 1991: East and Northeast synchronized March 2003: West synchronized with East & Northeast August 2006: North synchronized with Central Grid Dec 2013: All India Synchronized Grid Maps not to scale

Diversity Time Generation Resources Load Centers Long Haulage of Power Weather Seasons

Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India SOUTHERN REGION WESTER NREGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION REGIONAL GRIDS Deficit Region Snow fed – run-of –the –river hydro Highly weather sensitive load Adverse weather conditions: Fog & Dust Storm Very low load High hydro potential Evacuation problems Industrial load and agricultural load Low load High coal reserves Pit head base load plants High load (40% agricultural load) Monsoon dependent hydro CHICKEN- NECK

All India Load Curve 12/2/201613

Benefit of Diversity 12/2/201614Central Electricity Authority

Load Duration Curve – August,

Frequency Duration curve Grid Code Limits: Hz 12/2/201616

12/2/201617

Frequency profile 12/2/201618

Frequency Balance 12/2/ Hz

20 GRID OPERATION & DISTRIBUTION WING CEA Member (GO&D) GRID MANAGEMENT DIVISION OPERATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING DIVISION POWER FOR ALL DIVISION DISTRIBUTION PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DIVISION NRPC, WRPC SRPC, ERPC NERPC. 12/2/2016

21 GRID MANAGEMENT DIVISION STRENGTH AND ASSIGNMENT OF FUNCTIONS CHIEF ENGINEER DIRECTOR(GM-I) DD-1 AD-2 DIRECTOR(GM-II) DD-2 DIRECTOR(GM-III) Vacant Regional Grid Operation Grid Code,Availability Based Tariff,CERC/Court matters) Other Functions /Activities Parliament Questions,VIP Reference WR, NER ER All India NR,SR Reports: Monthly PSP, Allocation Regulations Common Works SpecificWorks Budget matters Adm. Matters of REBs Transmission line availability 12/2/2016

22 GM Division & RPCs GM Division NRPC New Delhi NEPC Shillong ERPC Kolkata SRPC Bangalore WRPC Mumbai GM Division collect information and Data from RPCs for Data Analysis and preparing MIS reports/reply to PQ/VIP references etc. RPCs collect information of Regional Grids from RLDC/States. 12/2/2016

23 FUNCTIONS I.Preparation of Monthly Power Supply PositionMonthly Power Supply Position II.Allocation of unallocated power from Central Sector Generating StationsAllocation of unallocated III. Operational planning for the next year in the form of preparation of Load Generation Balance Report; IV. Formulation of Technical Standards /Regulations as per Electricity Act, 2003;Formulation of Technical Standards V.Advising/Reply to the references from State Govts/ CERC /SERCs as per Electricity Act, 2003; Contd …CERC /SERCs 12/2/2016

24 FUNCTIONS VI.Replies to Parliament Questions, Assurances and Calling Attention Motions & References on Grid Performance/ Discipline /tariff/ VIP related matters; VII.Coordinating all issues related to Technical, Commercial & Legal aspects of Management of Regional Grids including Administrative & Budgetary matters of RPCs; VIII.Participation in the Regional Power Committee & Technical Coordination Committee meetings; IX. Assistance to the Committees constituted for investigating grid disturbance;( Now shifted to NPC) 12/2/2016

25 Power Supply Position Monthly Power Supply Position for all the States/Regions is prepared by GM Division CEA based on the actual energy availability and aggregation of demand met figures recorded at the EHV Grid. Computation of energy requirement and peak demand on the basis of load shedding, statutory power cuts, etc., as reported by various States/Utilities. 12/2/2016

26 State- / Region-wise / All India Position in respect of - Energy Requirement, Availability & Shortage - Peak Demand, Met & Shortage - Entitlement v/s Drawal of Power from Central Gen. Stations - Inter – State / Inter-Regional Energy Exchanges - Power Cuts & Restrictions in Power Supply to Industries & Agriculture Report is Sent To: 1.Coordination Division, CEA for Executive Summary. 2.Planning Commission. 3.Ministry of Power All India Power Supply Position– Monthly Report : 12/2/2016

Power Supply Position 12/2/201627

Growth Rate 12/2/201628

12/2/201629

12/2/201630

Peak Demand 12/2/201631

32 Allocation of Unallocated Power The 15% unallocated quota available in the Central Generating Stations ( about 7300 MW) is kept at the disposal of the Central Government to make allocation to needy States for meeting various contingencies like :  drought/delayed monsoon,  floods  strike, major outages  seasonal demands of States/Utilities which cannot be met from their own sources. While the emergency conditions get top most priority in allocation, other requests are examined keeping in view the relative power supply position of the States. 12/2/2016

Allocation of Power 12/2/ Out of total CGS Capacity: MW, Firm:65190,Unallocated: 7580,Merchant Power : 75 MW. Unallocated is allocated to beneficiary as per order of MOP based on CEA recommendation.

34 Formulation of Technical Standards / Regulations as per Electricity Act, 2003; The Grid connectivity Standards 2007 – grid_connect_reg.pdf grid_connect_reg.pdf Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Distributed Generation Resources Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Distributed Generation Resources /distributed_gen.pdf 12/2/2016

35  CERC sought advice of CEA in connection with a Petition (No. 109/2000) filed by POWERGRID for Reimbursement of O&M expenses of RLDCs by the SEBs / State Utilities. Carried out an in-depth study of staff requirement and other charges incurred by Power Grid to arrive at reasonable O&M expenses of RLDCs and report submitted to CERC. The work done by CEA was appreciated by CERC in their Order complementing CEA for the comprehensive and in-depth study which helped the Commission to take a rational view on the issues raised in the petition. ADVICE TO CERC 12/2/2016

36 Technical Advise to Haryana Electricity Regulatory Commission on Power System Operating Standards. Advice to Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission on the Electricity Grid Code for Uttar Pradesh. Gujarat Open Access Regulations ADVICE TO STATE ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS 12/2/2016

37 Investigation of Grid Disturbances An Enquiry Committee is set up by CEA/MOP for all the major grid disturbances with a view to find out the causes of the disturbance and suggest remedial measures. Implementation of recommendations of the Committee is monitored by CEA. 12/2/2016

New Areas Open Access and Power Market issues. Congestion Management Renewable Integration Cross Border Trading On all these issues, CERC while framing Regulations consult CEA,GM Division and reference is made to GM Division whenever any issue on these is heard by the Commission or Ministry of Power want comments of CEA on these issues. 12/2/201638

Evolution of Power Market in India 12/2/2016 NLDC - POSOCO : Open Access 2008: Power Exchange FUTURE … Capacity Market Flexibility FUTURE … Capacity Market Flexibility 2009: Imbalance (UI) 2011: Transmission Pricing (POC) 2010: Power Market, REC April, 2012: Sub-Hourly Market (15 Min Bidding in PX) 2009: Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA 2009: Trading License 2009: Congestion Management 2014: Deviation Settlement 2015: RE Framework 2015: Ancillary Services

Coordinated Multilateral Model Availability Declaration Entitlements S L D C Requisition & Bilateral Agreements Injection Schedule Drawal Schedule Revision in DC Revision in Requisition Final Injection Schedule Final Drawal Schedule 09:00 10:00 15:00 18:00 22:00 23:00 R L D C I S G S Time Revisions during Current day Revisions during Current day 0 to 24 hours Collective Transactions (PX) 40

25 – 12 Years 3 Years – 3 Months < 3 Month s Medium TermMedium Term Short TermShort Term Long TermLong Term Products in the Short Term Market Bilateral - Advance Bilateral - FCFS PX Day - Ahead Contingenc y Products in Different Time Frames 41

Schedule Drawl 12/2/ For Drawee ant low frequency if Drawl> Schedule Pay Deviation Charges If Drawl < Schedule Receive Deviation charge

Imbalance Price Vector in India 43

Open Access Corner stone of Electricity Act,2003. Sell any where buy from anywhere. Reduce risk of Generator, give “ CHOICE” to consumer “ Non –discriminatory provision for use of transmission line or distribution system or associated facilities with such line s or system by any licensee or a consumer or a person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specified by the Appropriate Commission.” 12/2/201644

Trade under Short-Term Open Access *Includes Bilateral + Collective In , Increase in LTA/MTOA volume, Decrease in STOA volume 45

Power Market and congestion effect 12/2/201646

Wind Generation 12/2/201647Central Electricity Authority

Picture in parts 12/2/201648Central Electricity Authority

12/2/201649Central Electricity Authority

Flexibility Earlier system of base load operation is changing. In case of Wind Ram Up and Ramp down, quick adjustment is required in load and generation. Ancillary service, Demand Side management, smart Grid and Storages are buzzing words. 12/2/201650

International Trade 51 India Bangladesh 400 KV AC line Baharampur (India) and Bheramara (Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC sub- station at Bheramara Net import by Bangla Desh Bangladesh 400 KV AC line Baharampur (India) and Bheramara (Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC sub- station at Bheramara Net import by Bangla Desh Bhutan 4 Nos. of 400 kV, 3 Nos. of 220 kV, 2 Nos. of 132 kV ckts. Tala: 1020 MW, Chukha: 336 MW, Kurichu: 60 MW, Net import by India Bhutan 4 Nos. of 400 kV, 3 Nos. of 220 kV, 2 Nos. of 132 kV ckts. Tala: 1020 MW, Chukha: 336 MW, Kurichu: 60 MW, Net import by India Nepal Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV Radial links with Nepal Net import by Nepal ~ 122 MW (Avg.) Nepal Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV Radial links with Nepal Net import by Nepal ~ 122 MW (Avg.) Upto 500 MW export by India Upto 1400 MW import by India Upto 150 MW export by India Bangladesh participating in the Indian Electricity Market

52 REGIONAL ELECTRICITY BOARDS (REBs) / REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEES (RPCs) 12/2/2016

53 REGIONAL ELECTRICITY BOARDS SETUP UNDER GOI RESOLUTION OF 1964 REBs were constituted to represent concurrent nature of the subject “power” with representation from SEBs / state utilities as well as central sector generation and transmission utilities. RLDCs were setup as operational arm of the REBs to deal with real time operation. 12/2/2016

54 COMPOSITION OF REBs Board headed by a Chairman of SEB/utility for one year by rotation. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Chairmen of SEBs / power utilities of constituent states / systems Directors of Central Generating Corporations, Central Transmission Corporation Member (GO &D), CEA Power Secretaries of State Governments in certain regions Minister of power of constituent states in the case of North-East Region Member secretary NREB 12/2/2016

55 REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEES SECTION 29 (4) OF ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003 The Regional Power Committee(RPC) in the region may, from time to time, agree on matters concerning the stability and smooth operation of the integrated grid and economy and efficiency in the operation of the power system in that region. NREB 12/2/2016

56 REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEES GOI RESOLUTION DATED CONSTITUTION A representative of every generating company which has established a generating station in the region. A representative of every transmission licensee including deemed licensees operating in the region. A representative of every distribution licensee including deemed licensees whose area of licence falls within the states of the region. Contd… NREB 12/2/2016

57 REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEES GOI RESOLUTION DATED CONSTITUTION A representative of every trading licensee who has a licence either for any state of the region or an inter-state licence applicable to any state of the region. A representative of Regional Load Dispatch Centre. Member secretary, Regional Power Committee - Convenor The members of the committee shall elect a chairman from among themselves for a period of one year after which a new chairman will be elected for next year. NREB 12/2/2016

58 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION HIERARCHY Regional Power Committee (RPC) RPC Secretariat RLDC (CTU) MEGA POWER PROJECTS SUPPLYING POWER TO MORE THAN ONE STATE C.S. POWER STATIONS POWERGRID’S SUB-STATIONS SLDCs (STUs) IPPs OF STATE STATE’S POWER STATIONS STATE’S GRID SUB-STATIONS DIRECTIONS FEEDBACK Technical Co-rdination Committee Operation Co-rdination Committee Commercial Committee Protection Committee Load Generation Balance Report Committee Sub-Committee on Regional Energy Accounts System Studies Sub-Committee Regulations of CERC on Tariffs and inter- state transmission of energy RLDC - Regional Load Despatch Centre CTU - Central Transmission Utility C.S. - Central Sector SLDC - State Load Despatch Centre STU - State Transmission Utility Abbreviations 12/2/2016 GM Div.MOP

59 REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEES GOI RESOLUTION DATED FUNCTIONS To undertake regional level operation analysis for improving grid performance. To facilitate inter-state/inter-regional transfer of power. To facilitate all functions of planning relating to inter-state / intra-state transmission system with ctu/stu. To coordinate planning of maintenance of generating machines on annual basis and review on monthly basis. To undertake planning of outage of transmission system on monthly basis. Contd….. NREB 12/2/2016

60 REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEES GOI RESOLUTION DATED FUNCTIONS Operational planning studies including protection studies. Planning for maintaining proper voltages through review of reactive compensation requirement through system study committee and monitoring of installed capacitors. To evolve consensus on all issues relating to economy and efficiency in the operation of power system in the region. NREB 12/2/2016

Accounts issues by RPCs Weekly: – Deviation settlement Account ( DSM or UI) –Reactive Energy Account Monthly: –Regional Energy Account( REA) –Regional Transmission Account ( RTA) –Regional Transmission Deviation Account ( RTDS) 12/2/201661

62 NREB ACTIVITIES OF RPCs Analysis of grid disturbances. Preparation of weekly UI accounts, weekly reactive energy accounts and monthly ABT based Regional Energy Accounts. Organizing meetings of various committees. OCC( Monthly) /Commercial/TCC/RPC( Quarterly) Finalizing monthly plan of coordinated maintenance of generating units and transmission lines. Coordination with RLDCs in the matters relating to operation of the grid. Certification of availability of central sector transmission lines. Contd... 12/2/2016

63 NREB ACTIVITIES OF RPCs Matters relating to inter-regional transfer of power. Investigation and resolution of all complaints regarding matters related to open access in i.S.T.S. Studies for operational planning. Recommending allocation of unallocated central sector power among the states from time to time. Analysis of operational data. Monitoring of under-frequency relays in the grid. Monitoring of operational shunt capacitors in the grid. Analysis and review of protection systems. 12/2/2016

Reality Check 12/2/ No Computer Difficult Delhi IAS /IRS Work is boring Promotions fast track Pay Commission Traffic/ No Housing Cool Job /No tension No Transfer

Live in Moment Learn, Run and be at Peace 12/2/201665

Any question? 12/2/ Vijay Menghani Director B.E,MBA If You can save somebody’s time or effort, you can create necessary conditions for a developed India.” India Vision 2020 Dr A.P. J. Abdul Kalam