THE STATE OF RESILIENCE PROGRAMMING Sherif Rushdy, October

Purpose of the Document To clarify some resilience concepts To illustrate applications of resilience thinking and programming in the 3RP To help strengthen and refine resilience programming

Field visits and interviews with: Government agencies and municipalities in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey; UN Agencies: ILO, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, FAO UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP and WHO; INGOs: ACTED, CARE International, Concern International, the Danish Refugee Council, and Mercy Corps; Local NGO partners in Jordan such as Ruwwad, Luminous Group and the Jordan River Foundation; Refugee and Host Community Participants

Resilience: application of Capacities to… Absorb Adapt Transform In the face of shocks and stresses … 4 Individual at the… Community Institutional … levels

Resilience as the depth of the “valley” 5  Change in the “landscape” can cause loss of resilience  The system can “tip” into an unknown and undesirable mode State of Equilibrium ?  Stable equilibria are “valleys” in a system’s landscape Shocks Stresses

Resilience calls for a paradigm shift Simple, linear, stable, predictable Self-interest, competition, scarce power One kind of knowledge, direction Disconnected space and time scales Complex, non-linear, changing, uncertain Interest of the whole, cooperation, abundance of power Diversity of knowledge, multi- directional Interacting space and time scales FROMTO 6 This is a profound transformation and it will necessarily meet resistance from vested interests…

Consciously Transforming the Landscape 7 Create a new desired “Valley” with social innovations Undesirable Stable Equilibrium Lower the threshold Win over resources from the old valley Old equilibrium becomes unstable and flips into the new desired valley Crisis is an opportunity to innovate… FEAR OF CHANGE INNOVATION Connecting and Scaling up Innovations

Preparedness for Resilience Programming To be better prepared to collectively deliver impactful resilience programming, there should be improved: Conceptual Clarity Shared Commitment Mutually Reinforcing Activities Common Measurement Common Learning Adaptive Design and Management Support and Coordination Structure We are about 50% there. It requires sustained attention and leadership, especially to scale up…

The Resilience Lens: A guide to programming LOCALIZATION CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAIN- ABLE BENEFITS STRENGTHEN NATIONAL OWNERSHIP AND SYSTEM CAPACITY CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL COHESION Improved resilience-based response PARTNER WITH LOCAL RESPONDENTS REINFORCE / USE LOCAL SYSTEMS

Linking short-term action to longer-term benefits Examples Linking cash for work to Entrepreneurship: The 3x6 approach in UNDP Jordan Permanent water supply and mobile waste water treatment instead of trucking at Za‘atari camp in Jordan: UNICEF with ACTED and Mercy Corps UNDP Jordan and Lebanon: solid waste management solutions ILO responding to emergency job creation needs using a longer-term value chain / local economic development approach in the northern governorates of Irbid and Mafraq. UNDP Lebanon/Jordan: support for municipal and local economic development plans

Developing Individual Resilience Capacities To become active agents (not passive recipients) by: Expanding livelihood and educational options; access to life skills and psycho- social support; connecting with each other (building social capital); Absorptive and Adaptive Engaging in service and dialogue, working on values, perceptions and culture: Transformative (not stand alone: additional layer on some concrete action) Examples: UNICEF Makani; FAO Farmer Field School; UNDP,ILO, WFP, FAO, NGOs Vocational training; Mercy Corps Youth activities; All service activities

Developing Community Resilience Capacities To build unity by: Overcoming prejudices and divisions, and developing webs of solidarity, conflict management : Absorptive Collective capacity to consult, work together and help each other : Adaptive Ensuring that all segments of society are included and valued and are able to participate creatively in community building: Transformative Examples: TURKEY – AFAD community building in the camps; JORDAN – UNICEF MAKANI program includes a community outreach component and fosters community building processes All social cohesion activities

Developing Institutional Resilience Capacities Strengthening municipal capacities: Identify and analyze risks, anticipate and respond to emergencies, quickly re-establish quality services following shocks, identify needs and develop and implement local development plans that address these needs: Absorptive and Adaptive Relationship between communities and their local representatives, win the trust of community members, to elicit their genuine participation and to create and maintain unity in the face of various threats: Transformative Examples: UNDP Jordan and Lebanon support to Municipalities ILO Jordan improving the business environment in target areas UN-HABITAT Lebanon support for Regional Technical Offices (RTO) GAZIANTEP, TURKEY: Large Municipality learning to respond

Government ownership and leadership Strategies differ depending on situation: Establish TRUST in the context of a non-threatening issue of common interest; Recognize National Capacity Offer needed innovations and knowledge sharing. Examples: UNDP Lebanon support for MOSA; UNICEF support for Reaching All Children with Education (RACE) in Lebanon; UNHCR support for Government of TURKEY refugee legislation CONCERN International sharing expertise in how to engage men and boys to fight domestic violence

Supporting Social Cohesion Most are indirect Examples of direct: World Vision: exploration of the factors underlying social tensions between Syrian refugees and host communities UNHCR/UNDP Joint Secretariat study on determinants of social cohesion Mercy Corps community action groups in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon UNDP Lebanon’s crisis prevention and recovery programme: local peace structures, community policing, etc. Government of TURKEY appropriate messaging to receive Syrians as Guests

Accelerating Resilience Programming Momentum is building: changes in policy and funding, consensus Need to continue collective learning: see through the resilience lens and go the extra mile to derive the resilience dividend - layering Scale up substantially a few promising approaches like: UNICEF Makani as an emerging regional youth strategy Employment consortium: UNDP, ILO, WFP, FAO… with coherent 3x6, farmer field school, Local Economic Development UNDP, UNHABITAT support for Municipal planning and projects  Requires regional/national command structure, strong coordination at district level, delegation to INGOs by district, simple clear packages, adaptive management, pooled funding Refine the M&E framework: review resilience, livelihood and social cohesion indicators