Openness and the EU Cities. OpenCities Conference. Greg Clark February 2008

2 An Urban and Metropolitan World Globalisation and the knowledge economy have repositioned metropolitan regions as drivers of national economies: Globalisation and the knowledge economy have repositioned metropolitan regions as drivers of national economies: 1925: 25% of world population lived in cities 2025: 75% of world population will live in cities/metropolitan areas 2025: 17 of world’s 25 largest cities will be in coastal regions in Asia

4

5

Medium term measures of City success? i. Connectivity and space to grow. ii. Quality of Life and Place (eg Urban Design). iii. Skills of labour force. iv. Innovation and Creativity v. Entrepreneurship. vi. Industrial structure. vii. Cost base of cities. viii. Transparency of business environment. ix. Identity and Brand Building. x. Ability to implement strategic change.

Longer term measures of city success? i. Power of the City Identity and Brand. ii. Location and Access to growing markets. iii. Role of city in International Trade. iv. Power of influence of language and regulatory/legal systems. v. Depth of artistic, architectural and cultural endowment. vi. City leadership. vii. Success in adjusting to shocks and luck in being on the right side of conflicts. viii. Investment in the city from all sources (including higher tiers of government). ix. Sustainability in terms of climate and environmental sensitivity. x. Openness to International Populations.

Core issues i. Knowledge economy, globalisation, connectivity and conflict are all drivers of human mobility. ii. Cities are the junction boxes. iii. Cities within same national frameworks have different appeal for international populations. iv. Understanding national factors and local factors is key. v. Cities have different and distinctive roles and futures. Different kinds of cities. vi. Cities have different tools and powers. vii. City leadership is key. viii. Integration and successful settlement may be key to longer term attractiveness. ix. Peer review and learning together is key methodology. x. Europe has lessons fro rest of world and can also learn from elsewhere.

9

10

The competitive advantage of diversity for regions and localities. i. Quality of life for knowledge economy. ii. Richer visitor experience. iii. Spur to creativity and innovation. iv. Openness to wider markets, populations, and customers. v. Trade and exchanges with international markets vi. Levels of entrepreneurship and aspiration. vii. Better corporate relations. viii. Attractive ness for international investments/events Serve the global market from one location!

8 factors and 40 measures of Open-ness? Economic factors:Population, Employment, Enterprise, Skills & Qualifications. Economic factors:Population, Employment, Enterprise, Skills & Qualifications. Regulatory factors: Citizenship, Welfare, Health, Housing, social inclusion. Regulatory factors: Citizenship, Welfare, Health, Housing, social inclusion. Cultural factors: Civic organisations, mixed marriages, creative expressions, media, food. Cultural factors: Civic organisations, mixed marriages, creative expressions, media, food. Amenity factors:Signage/information, language, education, retail, and neighbourhood mixity. Amenity factors:Signage/information, language, education, retail, and neighbourhood mixity. Connectivity/Accessibility factors: Connectivity/Accessibility factors: Ports and Gateways, digital access, public transport, city centres. Internationalisation factors: International populations, business, events, institutions, visitors, and students. Internationalisation factors: International populations, business, events, institutions, visitors, and students. Risk factors: Crime, security, disasters, deportation, racism and xenophobia. Risk factors: Crime, security, disasters, deportation, racism and xenophobia. Leadership factors: Diversity strategy, brand and belonging, voting and representation, active projects. Leadership factors: Diversity strategy, brand and belonging, voting and representation, active projects.

Framework for city growth Pre-conditions Business environment & investment Educational and research base Land and physical infrastructure Social/ cultural infrastructure & quality of life Ecological base. Innovation & creativity Industrial structure Business ownership & mgt Human capital Connectivity. Use of resources ProductivityPopulation Economic growth performance Drivers Global economy and Macro-economic framework Feedback effects Markets Governance structure. Environ mgt

Diagnosing Open-ness of a place?

Example?

What have we done? Preliminary paper. Concept of Openness. Preliminary paper. Concept of Openness. Background report: EU Cities and Immigration. Background report: EU Cities and Immigration. Case studies. Case studies. Working Notes. Working Notes. Seminar Reports. Seminar Reports. Photographic project. Photographic project. City Indexes: towards an Openness Index. City Indexes: towards an Openness Index. Recruitment of cities. Recruitment of cities. Ways to involve other bodies. Ways to involve other bodies.

What will we do?  Develop the network and its work – seeking partnership with EU.  Test the concept of openness further.  Diagnosing and measuring openness.  Local action plans for cities.  Role of city leaders.  An openness index or kitemark.  A world wide project.