 Democrat Roosevelt beats incumbent Republican Hoover in a landslide  Roosevelt rallied nation in his inaugural address  “ The only thing we have to fear is, fear itself ” – “ this nation asks for action and action now! ”

Nickname for his new programs that would make government a more active participant in solving problems  Emergency Banking Relief Act – required the Treasury Department to declare banks financially sound before they reopened  Fire-Side Chats – FDR urged 60 million listeners that the banks were safe and they needed to put their money back into the banks  would become weekly addresses to keep the people informed of his plans › Next day after 1 st Chat, deposits outnumbered withdraws  banking crisis was over

 Over the course of the next 100 days while in office, Roosevelt and Congress enacted numerous government agencies known as “alphabet agencies” › Agencies fulfilled the New Deal’s “3-R” goals: Relief, Recovery, and Reform

 Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) (Mar. 1933) –provided jobs for 3 million Americans (ex: helped landscape the Blue Ridge Parkway)  Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (May 1933) – agency created to provide cheap electricity, recreational areas, and flood control by building dams in the Tennessee Valley  Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) ( May 1933 ) – government agency paid farmers to reduce crop production, kill animals, and plow under crops to help increase their income  less supply leads to higher demand and prices  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Jun. 1934) – set up to supervise and police the stock market  Glass-Steagall Act (Jun 1933) – separated commercial banking from investment banking and established the FDIC › Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (Jun. 1933) – formed to correct unsound banking/investment, increase confidence in the banking system  National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) (Jun. 1933) – suspended anti- trust laws to promote economic recovery for business leaders in exchange for recognition of workers rights (unionize, collective bargaining, work hours) and minimum wages  National Recovery Administration (NRA) – agency that attempted to enforce the NIRA by encouraging business to accept the regulations as “patriotic” urging the public to only buy from business that did  Public Works Administration (PWA) ( Jun ) – agency created to distribute fund in construction jobs and public works

 Some believed New Deal didn’t go far enough to help Americans while other believed it had went too far giving the federal government excessive power  Deficit Spending – spending more than you make  buying on credit and creating debt › FDR used this policy to fund New Deal programs with large amounts of money alarming many as America was creating a national debt  Supreme Court Challenges –reviewed constitutionality of New Deal programs finding some unconstitutional including the AAA and NRA

 At election of 1936, Depression better but not over so FDR began work on his Second New Deal to end the Depression  Works Progress Administration (WPA) (Apr. 1935) – offered further work in construction and also provided federal jobs to artists, musicians, writers, and theatre actors  National Labor Relations Act/Wagoner Act (Jul. 1935) – protected workers right to unionize  Social Security Act (Aug. 1935) – offered the elderly and disabled a federal pension when they retired and offered a system of temporary unemployment insurance  Frances Perkins – FDR’s Labor Secretary who had a big influence on drafting the Social Security Act was also the first women cabinet member