Module 3 – Naval Skills Section 2 – Ship Structure Chapter 1 – Ship Construction Unit 1 - Ship Construction and Damage Control

What You Will Learn to Do Demonstrate knowledge of Navy ships, their construction, characteristics and damage control

Objectives 1.Define terms that describe a ship’s structure 2.Describe the decks and spaces of a U.S. Navy vessel 3.Describe the superstructure of a U.S. Navy vessel 4.Describe the watertight integrity of a Navy ship

Key Terms CPS Key Term Questions

Key Terms Keel -The backbone of the hull located on the centerline like an I-beam running the full length of the bottom of the ship Gunwale -The upper edge of the side or bulwark of a vessel Roll -A ship rolls from side to side

Key Terms Pitch -A ship pitches when it goes up and down fore and aft Yaw -A ship yaws when the bow swings to port and starboard because of wave action Draft -The distance from the keel to the waterline; the depth to which a vessel is immersed when bearing a given load

Key Terms Compartment -Rooms of a ship Head (ship compartment) - Bathrooms on a ship Wardroom -The dining area for commissioned officers Stateroom - A private room or compartment on a ship

Key Terms Scupper -A drain at the edge of a deck exposed to the weather, for allowing accumulated water to drain away into the sea or into the bilges Superstructure -Any deck above the main deck, forecastle deck, or poop deck Weather deck - The deck or all parts of a deck exposed to the weather

Key Terms Foremast -The mast nearest the bow in vessels having two or more masts is the foremast Mainmast -The second mast from forward in ships having two or more masts is the mainmast Pigstick -A slender vertical extension above the mast from which the ship’s commission pennant is flown

Key Terms Watertight integrity - The soundness of a ship’s construction which prevents leakage Stack - Supplies air to the main propulsion engines and removes exhausts and hot gases from them Jackstaff -A short flagpole at a ship's bow, on which a jack is flown

Key Terms Collision bulkhead - A strong watertight bulkhead at the after end of the forepeak tank List -Lean to port or starboard; careening, or leaning to one side, as of a ship Trim -Be “down” by the head or stern; the difference between the forward and aft drafts

Opening Question (Use CPS “Pick a Student“ for this question.) Based on your current knowledge, can you name and describe decks and compartments of a Navy ship?

Warm Up Questions CPS Lesson Questions 1 - 2

Ship Structure Hull is the main body of a ship. Hull Keel Keel is the backbone of the hull located on the centerline running the full length of the bottom of the ship.

Ship Structure Transverse frames are girders attached to the keel run athwartship and support the watertight skin or shell plating, which forms the sides and bottom of the ship. Longitudinal frames are structural frames that run fore and aft.

Ship Structure Double bottom is a honeycomb structure formed by the longitudinal and athwartship frames in the bottom of the ship

Ship Structure These spaces between the inner and outer bottoms are formed when plating covers the honeycomb, which may be used for fuel and water stowage. Tanks or Bridges

Ship Structure The top of the main hull is called the main deck. Main Deck Gunwale Gunwale (pronounced gun’el or deck-edge) is the intersection of the main deck with the shell or side plating.

Ship Structure A ship rolls from side to side. A ship pitches when it goes up and down fore and aft. A ship yaws when the bow swings to port and starboard because of wave action. Rolls, Pitches, and Yaws

Ship Structure Most warships built today have unarmored hulls, while many ships of the last century had armored hulls. USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) USS Iowa (BB 61)

Ship Structure Waterline is the part of the outside of a ship's hull that is just at the water level. Waterline

Ship Structure Draft is the distance from the keel to the waterline. The red area on the model represents the ship's draft.

Check On Learning Questions CPS Lesson Questions 3 - 4

Ship Structure The floors of a ship are called decks. They divide the ship into layers and provide additional hull strength and protection for inner spaces (rooms). Decks

Ship Structure Compartments are the rooms of a ship and are sometimes called rooms, such as: Wardroom - officer’s dining room Officers’ staterooms - officer’s bedrooms Engine room

Ship Structure The wardroom is the dining area for commissioned officers. DDG SSN

Ship Structure Stateroom is a private room or compartment on a ship. Mess deck is a dining area for enlisted crewmembers.

Ship Structure Berthing compartments are the living quarters for enlisted crew members. Officers country is the living spaces of officers. Heads are the bathrooms on the ship.

Ship Structure Compartment numbers are assigned according to a standardized system that identifies all spaces aboard a ship. Example: A Second deck Frame number Fourth compartment to starboard from centerline Compartment usage (stowage)

Ship Structure Cargo ship compartments and the main storage spaces of all ships are called holds. Holds are normally larger in merchant ships than in naval combatants or civilian passenger ships. Complete decks are decks that extend throughout the ship from side to side and stern to stern.

Ship Structure The uppermost complete deck that runs continuously from bow to stern is the main deck. Main Deck

Ship Structure The second, third, and fourth decks are complete decks below the main deck numbered in sequence from the main deck down. On an aircraft carrier, the uppermost complete deck is the flight deck.

Ship Structure The hangar deck is the main deck on aircraft carriers on which aircraft are stowed and serviced.

Ship Structure Forecastle deck is a partial deck at the bow above the main deck: At midships it becomes the upper deck At the stern of a ship it is the poop deck

Ship Structure Well deck is the main deck areas between the forecastle and poop decks Half deck is any partial deck between complete decks Platform decks are the partial decks below the lowest complete deck

Ship Structure Bulwarks is a sort of low solid steel fence along the gunwale of the main deck. Scuppers are rubber or metal drains fitted in the bulwarks that allow water to run off the deck during rain or heavy seas. Bulwarks Scuppers

Ship Structure A superstructure deck is any deck above the main deck, forecastle deck, or poop deck.

Ship Structure These decks are called levels. The first level above the main deck is the 01 (pronounced oh-one), the second the 02, and so on. Superstructure Decks

Ship Structure The superstructure deck includes all structures above the main deck. NOTE: The flight deck on a carrier is the 04 level, not the main deck. Main Deck

Ship Structure Included in the superstructure may be the: Wheelhouse Bridge Signal bridge CIC Radio shack CO’s sea cabin Superstructure deck levels may be called other names related to their uses as mentioned above.

Check On Learning Questions CPS Lesson Questions 5 - 6

Ship Structure The mast tops the superstructure and will have at least one vertical pole fitted with a horizontal yardarm that extends above the ship and carries flag halyards and navigational and signal lights. Mast

Ship Structure On most ships, the mast will contain: Electronic devices Radar antennas Radio aerials Meteorological instruments

Ship Structure The mast nearest the bow in vessels having two or more masts is the foremast. Foremast

Ship Structure It is usually taller than the foremast, making it normally the highest structure above the main deck. Mainmast The second mast from forward in ships having two or more masts is the mainmast.

Ship Structure Truck is the top of the mast. Pigstick is a slender vertical extension above the mast from which the ship’s commission pennant is flown. Gaff is a spar extending abaft the mainmast from which the national ensign is flown when the ship is Underway.

Ship Structure When a Navy ship is at anchor or moored, it flies the jack on the jackstaff. Union Jack Jackstaff

Ship Structure When in port or at anchor, a Navy ship flies the national ensign from the flagstaff at the stern from 0800 to sunset. Flagstaff

Ship Structure The Navy Jack is now raised in lieu of the Union Jack until the war on terrorism is over.

Ship Structure The stack supplies air to the main propulsion engines and removes exhausts and hot gases from them. Stack

Ship Structure Nuclear-powered ships do not need stacks since their reactors require no air for combustion, and they produce no smoke or gas.

Watertight Integrity To prevent the spread of flooding, watertight bulkheads are built in naval ships to divide the hull into a series of watertight compartments. Watertight Integrity

Holds are the compartments of cargo ships, and the main storage spaces of all ships. Holds The more compartments a ship has, the more secure it will be from flooding.

Watertight Integrity Flooding can cause a ship to: List - lean to port or starboard Lose trim - be “down” by the head or stern Capsize - tip over, or sink

Watertight Integrity Access through bulkheads is provided by doors and through decks by hatches. Hatch Door

Watertight Integrity These are tanks located at the extreme bow and stern of the ship and are used for trimming the ship. Forward (or Forepeak) and After Peak Tanks After Peak Tanks Forepeak Tanks

Watertight Integrity A collision bulkhead is a strong watertight bulkhead at the after end of the forepeak tank. If one ship rams another head on, the bow structure would collapse, hopefully, somewhere forward of the collision bulkhead, thus preventing flooding of compartments aft of it.

Watertight Integrity Maintenance of watertight integrity is a function of damage control. A stuffing tube is a cylinder plugged with watertight filler material to prevent leakage. Stuffing Tube

Watertight Integrity All watertight doors and hatches carry markings that determine when they may or may not be opened. In this case, the “Z” (condition ZEBRA) indicates this door is normally kept closed at all times.

Review Question (Use CPS “Pick a Student“ for this question.) How is watertight integrity maintained on a Navy ship?

Closing Questions CPS Lesson Questions 7 - 8

Questions?