Jacksonian Democracy

Era of Good Feelings 1817 – 1825 No rival political parties Republican No political debates?

Missouri Compromise Missouri applied for statehood in 1819 Slave state Would break the balance of 11 free & 11 slave states Compromise – Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser) Missouri Compromise, 1820  Missouri enters as a slave state  Maine enters as a free state  Mason-Dixon Line of 36,30. No slavery in the LA Purchase areas north of the Mason-Dixon Line  One of a long list of compromises

Missouri Compromise

New Land and New Policies Oregon  Joint Occupation in 1818  1846, 49 th Parallel Florida  Andrew Jackson & Native Americans  Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain ceded Florida to US. America renounced claims to Texas. Monroe Doctrine  Background  Colonial Independence in Pacific and Western Hemisphere

Cool Map of Colonial Independence

Monroe Doctrine America rejects British proposal John Quincy Adams proposed and Monroe agrees to the Monroe Doctrine, 1823  Europe cannot interfere with independent countries in the Western Hemisphere  No new European colonies in North or South America  America pledged to stay out of European affairs  Significance?

Election of 1824 John Q. Adams 84 Electoral Votes 30.5% Popular Vote Andrew Jackson 99 Electoral 43.1% Popular Wm. H. Crawford 41 Electoral 13% Popular Henry Clay 37 Electoral 13% Popular Need 131 EV for majority

“Corrupt Bargain” House of Rep. Chooses among top three candidates Crawford had a stroke, so just Adams and Jackson Clay influenced the House (as Speaker) to get John Quincy Adams the presidency Adams chose Clay as Secretary of State Jackson and his supporters believed it to be a “Corrupt Bargain” The accusations doomed Adams' presidency Jackson split from the Republican Party and formed the Democratic Party, promising to return to the ideas of Jefferson

Election of 1828 One of the meanest elections in US history Mudslinging Adams accused of being a hustler and a pimp Jackson accused of being a hick, bigamist, and a “jackass” Jackson wins by a large margin End of “Era of Good Feelings”

Jacksonian Democracy What does democracy mean? Changes in the electorate – removal of property requirements to vote Jackson supported this and more: direct election of Senators and Presidents (did not happen though) Idea that the “will of the people” should dictate government Jacksonian Democracy Inauguration

“Old Hickory”

Jackson's Presidency “Spoils system?” “Pro-South?” “States' Rights?” Tariff of Abominations  Congress passed a tariff in 1828 that was unpopular in the South  South Carolina Exposition and Protest (written by VP John Calhoun)  South Carolina argued that states had a right to nullify the tariff  VA and KY Resolutions?

Nullification Crisis and Force Bill Threats of secession from South Carolina SC also refused to implement the tariff Compromise (Henry Clay, again)  1832 Congress reworked and lowered the tariff  Force Bill – Federal government could use the military to enforce the tariff  Significance?

Bank War Jackson did not like the concept of a National Bank (undemocratic and a “tool of the elites”) Jackson vetoed the Bank Charter Renewal in 1832 (the Second National Bank would be gone in 1836) Jackson removed Federal Funds from the Bank, and Bank President Nicholas Biddle called in all outstanding loans US would not have a National Bank until 1913 (Federal Reserve)

Whig Party Jackson's popularity destroyed the Republican Party A new party formed in opposition to Jackson – Whig Party Why Whig?

How Democratic was Jacksonian Democracy? “Man of the People,” but which people? Jackson, both literally and symbolically, expanded the “voice of the people” in government and gave more opportunities to the common man. However - Jackson owned slaves. Quite a lot in fact. No equality for women Indian Removal

Cherokee Removal “Andrew Jackson Versus the Cherokee Nation,” Robert V. Remini. Ch. 6, pg Or google the title and author and look for the.pdf – alameda.peralta

Moving Forward America continued to remove itself from European affairs and make its own path in the Western Hemisphere Democracy expanded during the early to mid-19 th Century, but it was still not all-encompassing Sectionalism grew even stronger in the US as mutually disliked compromises became the norm The Federal government continued to assert its authority over individual State governments