Carbon compounds lecture 2.3 Lumazine synthase: enzyme.

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Carbon compounds lecture 2.3 Lumazine synthase: enzyme

Carbon chemistry 4 valence electrons allow for strong covalent bonds 4 valence electrons allow for strong covalent bonds Carbon bonds with other elements: H,O, S, P,N Carbon bonds with other elements: H,O, S, P,N Carbon can bond to itself as a chain or ring Carbon can bond to itself as a chain or ring

Macromolecules Polymer: a “giant” molecule made from smaller units Polymer: a “giant” molecule made from smaller units Monomer: small sub-units 4 groups of polymers are found in living things 4 groups of polymers are found in living things

Carbohydrates Used as the main source of energy in living things. Used as the main source of energy in living things. Sugars and starches are “carbs” Sugars and starches are “carbs” Cellulose (wood, paper) is made of carbohydrates Cellulose (wood, paper) is made of carbohydrates

Lipids Used to store energy. Used to store energy. NOT water soluble. NOT water soluble. Made of a glycerol + fatty acids Made of a glycerol + fatty acids Saturated: solid fats Saturated: solid fats Unsaturated: liquid fats Unsaturated: liquid fats Uses: membranes, waterproof coverings. Uses: membranes, waterproof coverings. Glycerol is attracted to water, fatty acids are not

Nucleic acids Polymers made from nucleotides Polymers made from nucleotides Store and transmit hereditary information. Store and transmit hereditary information. Ex: DNA and RNA Ex: DNA and RNA nucleotide In DNA, nucleotides form the ‘rungs’ of the ladder

Proteins Polymers made from 20+ different amino acids Polymers made from 20+ different amino acids A. acids join together to form long chains A. acids join together to form long chains Instructions for the order of the a. acids is in DNA Instructions for the order of the a. acids is in DNA

Protein functions Control cell processes Control cell processes Form bones, muscle Form bones, muscle Fight disease Fight disease Transport materials in and out of cells Transport materials in and out of cells Form enzymes Form enzymes Amino acid Protein structure

Protein art

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