Honors Physics (Power Point #2 Instantaneous and Average Speed.

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Presentation transcript:

Honors Physics (Power Point #2 Instantaneous and Average Speed

Motion Map Soon, you will be walking toward and away from the motion probe and creating graphs when you do so.

Distance vs Displacement Distance- A running total of how far you traveled in any direction. (Think of a pedometer attached to your body and you count your steps). Displacement- It is a vector quantity. It is precisely defined as how far in a particular direction an object is from the starting point.

A representation of the difference

Speed vs Velocity Speed- how fast you are moving. This is known as a scalar quantity. Velocity- how fast you are going with a direction attached.

Example 1: An out-of shape runner runs 10 times around a quarter-mile track in 30 minutes? He ends up where he starts. (a) What is the runner’s velocity? (in miles/hour) (b) What is the runner’s speed? (in miles/hour)

It the speed average or instant? Average Speed- It is the total distance traveled per unit time Instantaneous Speed-As the time interval shrinks down, the rate of speed can be precisely determined for that moment in time.

Example 2: Mr. Boyle travels 3 miles to work each morning. He travels 1.0 mile at 25 miles/hour, 1.0 mile at 40 miles/hour, and 1.0 mile at 5 miles/hour. He also stops at 3 traffic lights for a total of 2.0 minutes. (a) How long does he take to complete his journey? (b) What is his average speed?

A graphical representation of motion For any position-time graph, we can determine the average speed by drawing a straight line between any two points on the graph. If the speed is constant, the graph of position vs. time is a straight line. The slope indicates the velocity. Object 1-positive slope, positive speed Object 2- zero slope, zero speed Object 3- negative slope, negative speed

Graphing Instantaneous Speed Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at a certain point in the object’s path. Instantaneous speed at a given point can be determined my measuring the slope of the line that is tangent to that point on the position-time graph.

Example 3: A tortoise and a hare go on a race. The tortoise crawls at 5 cm/s while the hare travels at 300 cm/s. However, the hare stops for 50 seconds during the race. The tortoise crosses the finish line first. (a) How long did the hare stop during the race if the tortoise just crossed the finish line before the hare? (b) How far did the tortoise travel?

Example 4: I want to average 55 miles/hour on a trip. On local residential streets, which I am on for only half the distance of the trip, I can travel an average speed of 35 miles/hour. How fast do I need to go the other half of the distance of the trip?