Part 97 Standard Instrument Procedures Subpart A General “Try not to become a man of success, But rather try to become a man of value” Albert Einstein

97.1 Applicability Prescribes standard instrument procedures –Civil airports in U.S. –Weather minimums that apply to landings under IFR Prescribes obstacle instrument procedures –Certain civil airports in U.S. –Weather minimums that apply to takeoffs under IFR

97.3 Symbols & Terms Aircraft Approach Category –Grouping of aircraft based on VREF speed Category A: Speed < 91 knots Category B: Speed > 91 knots, but < 121 knots Category C: Speed > 121 knots, but < 141 knots Category D: Speed > 141 knots, but < 166 knots Category E: Speed > 166 knots

97.3 Symbols & Terms Approach Procedure Segments –Initial approach Segment between initial approach fix and the intermediate fix or the point where the aircraft is established on the intermediate or final approach course –Final approach Segment between final approach fix or point and the runway, airport, or missed approach point –Missed approach Segment between missed approach point and the missed approach fix at the prescribed altitude –Ceiling Minimum ceiling (feet) takeoff or required for designating an airport as an alternate

97.3 Symbols & Terms Approach Procedure Segments –(FAF) Final Approach Fix –(MAP) Missed approach point –MSA (Minimum safe altitude) Expressed in feet above mean sea level, provides at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance for emergency use within a certain distance from the navigation facility or fix

97.5 Bearing, courses, tracks, headings, radials, miles –RVR Feet –Visibility Statue miles –All other mileages Nautical miles

Part 119 Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators Subpart A General “Are right and wrong convertible terms dependent upon popular opinion?” William Lloyd Garrison

119.1 Applicability Applies to anyone operating or intending to operate civil aircraft: –As an air carrier or commercial operator, or both, or –With seat configuration of 20 or more passengers, or maximum payload capacity of 6,000 pounds or more Anyone subject to this part must comply unless requirements are modified or added under part 129, 133, 137, or 139

119.3 Definitions All-cargo operation –Any operation for compensation or hire that is other than a passenger-carrying operation Certificate-holding district office FSDO charged with overall inspection of certificate holder’s operations Direct air carrier Provides or offers air transportation and has control over the operational functions Commercial operator For compensation or hire, engages in the carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property

119.3 Definitions Crewmembers allowable weight –Male flight crewmembers180 lbs –Female flight crewmembers140 lbs –Male flight attendants180 lbs –Female flight attendants130 lbs –Flight attendants not identified140 lbs On-demand operation –Charter type operation –Passenger seats fewer than 30 and payload capacity less than 7,500 lbs. Airplane can be used in domestic or flag operations –Private carriage – fewer than 20 seats and payload capacity less than 6,000 lbs

119.5 Certifications Air Carrier Certificate –Authorized to conduct operations as a direct air carrier Operating Certificate –Authorized to conduct operations as a U.S. commercial operator, but not authorized to conduct direct air carrier operations –Authorized to conduct operations when common carriage is not involved with configuration of 20 or more passengers or max payload capacity of 6,000 lbs or more

Certificate Requirements Direct air carrier –U.S. citizen –Obtain Air Carrier Certificate –Operations specifications that prescribe authorizations, limitations, and procedures Commercial passenger or cargo aircraft –U.S. citizen –Obtain Operating Certificate –Operations specifications that prescribe authorizations, limitations, and procedures

Air Carrier/Operating Certificate Contents include: –Certificate holder’s name –Location of holder’s principal base of operations –Certificate number –Certificate effective date –Name of designator of certificate-holding district office

Issuing Certificate Applicant –Meets applicable requirements of this part –Holds economic authority applicable Issued by Department of Transportation –Properly/adequately equipped and able to conduct safe operations

Issuing Certificate Denying certificate –Not properly/adequately equipped or –Able to conduct safe operations –Previously held air carrier or operating certificate that was revoked –Applicant intends to fill key management positions with: Individual who exercised control in similar position with holder whose certificate was revoked Process of being revoked Individual materially contributed to cause of revocation

Issuing Certificate Denying certificate –Applicant intends to fill key management positions with: Individual who exercised control in similar position with holder whose certificate was revoked Process of being revoked Individual materially contributed to cause of revocation –Individual will have control or substantial ownership interest but exercised control In similar position with holder whose certificate was revoked Process of being revoked Individual materially contributed to cause of revocation –Cannot conduct safe operations based on financial reasons

Certificate Duration Effective until: –Certificate holder surrenders it to Administrator –Administrator Suspends Revokes Otherwise terminates certificate Operations specifications effective until: –Administrator Suspends Revokes Otherwise terminates certificate –Specification amended

Recency of Operations Conducted operations within the preceding number of days –Domestic, flag, or commuter operations 30 days –Supplemental or on-demand operations 90 days Failure to meet recency requirements: –Advise Administrator At least 5 consecutive calendar days before resuming that kind of operation Available and accessible during the 5 consecutive calendar days for a full inspection reexamination

Management personnel Required under part 121 –Director of safety –Director of operations –Chief pilot –Director of maintenance –Chief inspector Number of positions can vary depending on –Kind of operation involved –Number and type of airplanes –Area of operations

Management personnel Individuals must be –Qualified through training, experience, expertise –Full understanding of Aviation safety standards and safe operating practices FAR Certificate holder’s operations specifications Appropriate maintenance/airworthiness requirements Manual required by of this chapter

Management personnel Certificate holder must –State in the general policy provisions of the manual Duties, responsibilities, and authority of personnel List names and business addresses of individuals assigned to those positions Notify certificate-holding district office within 10 days of any change in personnel or any vacancy in any position listed

Management Quals Director of Operations –Hold ATP –At least 3 years supervisory or managerial position within last 6 years Chief Pilot –Hold ATP with appropriate ratings for at least one of the airplanes used by certificate holder –At least 3 years supervisory or managerial position within last 6 years

Management Quals Director of Maintenance –Mechanic certificate with airframe and powerplant ratings –1 year experience in position responsible for returning airplanes to service –I year experience in a supervisory capacity –3 years experience within the past 6 years Maintaining large airplane with 10 or more passenger seats Repairing airplanes in a certificated airframe repair station

Management Quals Chief Inspector –Mechanic certificate with airframe and powerplant ratings for at least 3 years –At least 3 years of maintenance experience on Different types of large airplanes 10 or more passenger seats With air carrier or certificated repair station –I year experience in a supervisory capacity

Former FAA Employees Cannot employ or have contractual arrangement if individual has, within preceding 2 years –Served, or responsible for oversight of Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector –Direct responsibility to inspect, oversee inspection of operations of certificate holder