History 171D The United States and the World Since 1945.

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Presentation transcript:

History 171D The United States and the World Since 1945

The Korean War and the Anticommunist Witch Hunts

Prof. Fredrik Logevall Cornell University Wednesday, April 10, 4 pm McCune Conference Room (HSSB 6020) Embers of War The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America’s Vietnam Extra Credit Opportunity!

1949—US, Britain, France, Canada, Italy, and several other Western European nations formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Truman and Marshall

Shock #1: The “Loss” of China, 1949 Chiang Kai-shek Three shocks of : Mao Tse-tung

Shock #1: The “Loss” of China, 1949 Three shocks of :

Secretary of State Dean Acheson

Shock #2: Soviet detonation of atom bomb Three shocks of :

NSC-68 spring 1950

Shock #3: Korean War Three shocks of :

Since 1945 Korea had been divided at 38th Parallel; Syngman Rhee (pro-US) in South, Kim Il Sung (pro-Soviet) in North

Kim Il-sung Syngman Rhee

Approached Mao Tse-tung Spring 1950—Kim Il-sung sought to reunify Korea under his control

Approached Mao Tse-tung Spring 1950—Kim Il-sung sought to reunify Korea under his control... and Stalin

June 1950—North Korean forces attacked across 38th Parallel

Truman’s response:

Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Truman’s response:

Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Launched multi-nation military effort to repel North Korean attack Truman’s response:

Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Launched multi-nation military effort to repel North Korean attack Signed off on NSC-68 Truman’s response:

Gen. Douglas MacArthur

Summer/Fall 1950—US/UN forces gained initiative and pushed North Korean forces back above 38th Parallel, approaching Chinese border

Summer/Fall 1950—MacArthur convinced Truman North Korean regime could and should be destroyed

Fall 1950—Chinese forces crossed Yalu River, dealing disastrous defeat to US/UN forces

Early 1951— US/UN forces pushed their way back up to 38th Parallel

1951—Truman relieved MacArthur of command, sought truce in war

Anti-Truman cartoon, 1951

1952 Presidential Election Dwight D. Eisenhower

1952 Presidential Election Dwight D. Eisenhower Adlai Stevenson

Red Scare 1947—House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) investigated “Hollywood Ten”

1947—Truman launched federal loyalty program Executive Order 9835

Whittaker Chambers Alger Hiss 1948—HUAC targeted Alger Hiss

Richard M. Nixon

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Not the same! Douglas MacArthurJoseph McCarthy

Early 1950—McCarthy accused Truman administration of harboring communists

McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated

McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated

McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated ______________________________________________________ =205 Communists in State Department

McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated ______________________________________________________ =205 Communists in State Department

1950—Ethel and Julius Rosenberg accused of spying

1953—Both Rosenbergs executed

McCarthy and Eisenhower

Marshall and Eisenhower

1954—Army-McCarthy Hearings were televised, causing McCarthy to lose public support

1954—Senate censured McCarthy, effectively ending his career

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