Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 19 Topic: 11.2: Ventricles- CSF and TBI Essential Question: None. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 11.2:Ventricles-CSF- TBI

p. 18 Mild TBI: Concussion Traumatic Brain Injury TBI Video Notes 10 bullets each

3 Ventricles: are interconnected cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid Located within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem

4 Lateral ventricles- 2 large ventricles in the right and left cerebral hemispheres Third ventricle- midline of the brain Fourth ventricle- in the brainstem Cerebral aqueduct- lead to subarachnoid space in the meninges

5 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Clear liquid secreted by choroid plexus Circulates in ventricles, central canal of spinal cord, and subarachnoid space Completely surrounds brain and spinal cord Provides nutrition sodium, glucose, potassium Provides a pathway to blood for waste Maintain homeostasis stable ion concentrations in CNS Protects the brain and spinal cord by absorbing forces that might otherwise jar and damage their delicate tissues

6 Humans secrete nearly 500 milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid daily: However only about 140 milliliters are in the CNS at any time because it is continuously reabsorbed into the blood CSF is reabsorbed through the arachnoid granulations

P. 18 P. 389 in book Color code your picture: CSF pathway Blood * If needed, clearly define arrows

P. 18 P. 389 in book Color code your picture: CSF pathway Blood * If needed, clearly define arrows

9 Spinal tap: Measures CSF pressure A needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar vertebrae Samples of CSF maybe withdrawn and tested for abnormal results A temporary drain, called a shunt, may be inserted to relieve pressure

Shaken Baby Syndrome Impact from car crash Traumatic Brain Injuries

Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI): occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. Head suddenly and violently hits an object An object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue Symptoms: can be mild, moderate, or severe depending on damage. A person with a mild TBI may remain conscious or may experience a loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes

TBI: Video 3m55s (full video 14m28s)

Mild TBI: Concussion Concussion: brain injury most often caused by a sudden direct blow or bump to the head. Latin: “To shake violently”

Mild TBI: Concussion Videos Concussion-Helmets 1m16s Impact of a concussion 4m38

1. Clinical Application 11.1 CSF Pressure Read/ answer and highlight 2. Traumatic Brain Injury Reading Read/ answer and highlight Classwork /Homework

Clinical Application What are three things that can increase CSF pressure within the ventricles? An infection A tumor A blood clot 2. Summarize the steps (4) of how a spinal tap is performed. A doctor inserts a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space A manometer measures the pressure of the CSF fluid CSF tested for abnormal constituents (ex: red blood cells can indicate a hemorrhage in the CNS) A temporary drains is inserted to relieve pressure 3. What is the purpose of a shunt? Drains fluid away from the cranial cavity and into the digestive tract where it can be reabsorbed into the blood 4. Why would an infant need a shunt? The cranial sutures have not yet united- increasing pressure (ICP) may enlarge cranium -“Water on the brain”