 Looking back at your bell ringer….  In the past 24 hours list all of the ways that you came in contact with an animal or an animal product.  Work with the people at your table and determine how your answers be grouped together?  Be prepared to share

 How can the ways you came up with be group together?

 Come up with your own definition for:  Animal Science  Animal Husbandry  What is the difference between the two?  Be prepared to share your answers

 Animal husbandry is the art of working with animals (feeding, marketing, breeding, health of animals)  Animal science is the scientific study of farm animals  Animal science is considered one of the oldest sciences since it is linked to survival  Biology is the study of the life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world.

 Working with the people at your table, you are going to create a list of ways animals benefit humans.  First write this on notebook paper…..  Then, rank the items on your list with 1 being the most important, and the highest number being the least important.  You will be sharing these and we will be discussing.

 All the activities in producing animals and their products or benefits to meet the needs of people.  Many competencies are needed to assure that animals receive care that promotes their well-being.  Made up of three major areas:  1. Production  2. Supplies and Services  3. Marketing and Processing

 Raising animals for food, companionship, and other uses.  The kinds of animals produced and the nature of production practices vary, depending on interests and technology.  Production may be quite specialized to provide a specific animal product.  Livestock- Mammals produced on farms and ranches for food and other purposes.  Cattle  Swine  Sheep  Horses  Goats  Less common species, such as llamas and elk, are usually produced on small-scale farms.

 Companion animal- an animal that is used to provide humans with fun and friendship through close association.  Among the most popular are dogs, cats, fish, rabbits, and hamsters.  Some companion animals can act as service animals to humans.

 Poultry- a group of fowl (birds) that are raised for use as food and other products.  Both meat and eggs are produced by poultry  Includes:  Chickens  Turkeys  Ducks  Geese

 Animal Supplies- the inputs (goods or products) needed in animal production.  Feed mills  Factories that make the equipment needed to raise animals  Common supplies include manufactured feed, cages and feeding equipment, animal medicines, fencing material, and hauling equipment.

 Animal Services- the professional and technical assistance that producers need and use in efficiently producing animals.  Veterinarians  Farriers  People skilled in shearing sheep

 Animal Marketing – all of the processes involved in assuring that consumers have the desired animal products.  Transporting  Grading  Advertisements  Selling  Marketing is the link between the producer and the consumer

 Animal Processing- preparing animals or their products for the consumer.  It is closely related to marketing.  The functions vary with the product.  Milk, eggs, wool, and meat go through different processes in preparation for consumption.  Some animals, such as those for companionship, safety, or service, do not produce products.

 Successful animal production requires care and management.  Animal well-being is an important part of care and management.  Animal well-being is the result of caring for an animal so all of its needs are met and it does not suffer.  Steps must be taken to make the animal healthy, such as providing proper feed and water.

 Several areas are important in animal care and management.  These are related to producing animals successfully.  With study and experience, individuals can develop the knowledge and skill needed to provide care and management.  Animal selection is the choosing of animals to achieve desired goals.  This includes the selection of animals for specific characteristics and of animals adapted to the situation in which they will be raised.  Profitability for commercial animal producers requires the production of quality animals.

 Animal nutrition is the study of the kind and amount of feed and water an animal needs and how the animal uses food substances.  The needs of animals are dependent on age and condition.  There are several important factors to an animal’s ration.  A ration is an animal’s diet or what an animal eats each day.  It is important to have a properly balanced ration, especially for young animals and lactating females.

 Animal health is the condition in which the animal is free of disease and all body systems are functioning properly.  Good nutrition and a good environment promote health.  Vaccination and other health- promoting management are beneficial.  Producers know the importance of prevention.  Disease among animals can be difficult to treat, can be costly, and can decrease production.

 Animal reproduction is the process by which offspring are produced.  Understanding reproductive processes of the species is essential for successful animal production.  Animal environment is the surroundings in which an animal is living.  Some animals are adapted to the natural weather environment; other animals need housing and protection.  Animal environment includes the surroundings in which an animal is placed temporarily, such as in hauling, handling, penning, and other situations involved in production.

 The functions of livestock are a vital part of the total agriculture of a nation.  Its important to understand the functions of livestock when selecting enterprises for a farm.  This helps in determining what livestock you will raise.

 Livestock convert feed, grains, and roughages into food for human consumption.  Nonruminant animals such as swine and poultry are fed large amounts of grain because they can’t digest roughages in their diet.  Ruminant animals have a stomach that is divided into several different compartments. They can digest many kinds of feed that nonruminant animals cannot. They have the ability to convert materials that cannot be used directly for human food into human food.

 Animals provide many foods that people enjoy  These foods are high in nutrients and help people live healthy lives  Foods from animals include meat, milk, and eggs  Some animals give more than one type of food product (ex. Chickens given meat and eggs)

 Meat may come from animals raised on farms or ranches, or it may come from wild animals  A meat animal is an animal raised especially for its meat  Cattle, fish, turkeys, chickens, swine and sheep  Mutton and chevon are eaten by more people than any other meat in the world.  Beef is eaten in the largest quantity compared to other meats  Due to religion some people limit meat consumption (Hindu, Jewish, etc)  Eggs come primarily from chickens, ducks, and guineas but some people enjoy fish eggs, known as caviar  Game is wildlife hunted for food or other uses

 Livestock provide fiber and skins for the production of clothing.  The demand for animal fibers for clothing is lower now because of the increased use of synthetic fibers for clothing.  Between 5-10% of the market value of animals comes from the sale of hides.  Leather is used for shoes, belts, gloves and clothing.

 Mink are raised for fur and sheep are raised for wool  Although other animal fibers are decreasing in demand, the use of wool in the United States has been almost constant for the past decade  Mohair is a product of angora goats that is used in making special quality cloth

 Hair and hides provide material for shelter. For example, teepees use animal hides and some plaster contains horse hair.

 While primitive, early men used animal bones and hides for tools which led to further advancements to the modern tools we use today

 Horseback riding  Horse racing  Livestock shows and fairs  All provide enjoyment and entertainment

 Any product from the animal carcass, other than meat, is called a by-product.  These include, fat, bone, intestine, brain, stomach, blood and other glands.  By-products are used in the manufacture of many products.  Examples: Cosmetics Soap Printing ink Glue Buttons

 More than 100 drugs used by humans for medical purposes are made from animal by- products.  Insulin- extracted from the pancreas of animals and is used in the treatment of diabetes  Cortisone- comes from the adrenal glands and is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, adrenal insufficiency and some allergies.  Thrombin- comes from blood of animals and is used in surgeries to help blood clot.  Heparin- comes from lungs and is used to prevent heart attacks and blood clotting.

 In history animals have been used for draft work, packing, and transporting humans. In 1920’s more than 25 million horses were used primarily for draft purposes.  Some counties still rely on animals for power, while 20% of the world’s population depend on animals for the transportation of goods.

 While not as popular today, animals were critical in past wars in moving troops and delivery of supplies

Besides providing food and clothing, animals help people in several other ways…..  Companion animals are animals that provide benefits that help a person enjoy life  Service animals are animals that assist people in living and work  Dogs may lead people who are visually impaired  Guard property or herd sheep

Conservation  Livestock help conserve soil and soil fertility  The grasses and legumes used to feed livestock are soil-conserving crops  They protect the land and help prevent wind and water erosion  Nutrients are removed from the soil by the crops being grown  When crops are fed to livestock, about 80% of the nutrient value is excreted in the manure  The rate at which soil fertility is lost can be decreased

Stabilization of Farm Economy  Livestock helps bring stability to the farm business  Raising livestock makes good use of the resources already available to the farmers – land, labor, capital, and management ability  Can increase the farming income  Including livestock in a farm business helps spread the risks involved in farming over more enterprises  The farmer is not dependent on only one or two sources of income

 Brainstorm as many careers as you can think of that have to do with the animal industry.

 Different categories for careers include:  Scientists, Engineers, and Related Specialist  Managers and Financial Specialists  Marketing, Merchandising, and Sales  Education, Communication, and Information Specialists  Social Service Professionals  Agriculture Production Specialists

 Workers in these professions do research and development.  Agriculture engineer  Biochemists  Entomologists  Food engineer  Nutritionist  Veterinarian  Geneticist  Microbiologist

 Many times people with these careers have graduate degrees  Business manager  Credit analyst  Economist  Financial analyst  Foodservice manager  Retail manager  Wholesale manager

 This area requires good communication skills  Food broker  Grain merchandiser  Livestock buyer  Market analyst  Marketing manager  Sales representative

 Agriculture education teacher  Cooperative extension agent  Reporter  Public relations specialist

 Good communication skills and work experience in a technical area of expertise are strong positive factors for finding employment in this field.  Dietitian  Food inspector  Nutrition counselor

 Farmers  Feedlot manager  Professional farm manager  Rancher

 Using magazines, cut out pictures of different jobs that could fall under the animal science career categories.

 Around the room there are posters with different categories for employment opportunities within the agriculture/animal science industry.  I will hand each of you some pictures. These pictures are of different jobs. I would like for you to tape them on the right poster where they belong.  Use your best judgment. We will go over these in detail.