1. The Animal Science Industry Animal Agriculture

2. “The Ways Animals Benefit Humans” Form groups of three individuals. Select a chairperson, a typist, and a writer. Develop a list of “the ways animals benefit humans.” Rank the list, with 1 being the most important. You have 5 minutes from the bell to complete this activity. The chairperson and writer will report and list the benefits in order of importance on the Smart Board. All the groups will report and then we will consolidate the lists into one. The numerical rankings can be used in the consolidation process. The typist will record and drop-box both lists. The chairperson will make sure that all tasks are done in a timely manner.

3. Key Terms #3 www.m-w.com animal animal husbandry health industry (2A) marketing production feral livestock ration

4. What is domestication? Animal domestication is the process of removing animals from wild settings and raising them in a controlled environment. Domestication usually results in all members of a species being domesticated. Animals that have not been domesticated are known as wildlife.

5. What is domestication? A member of a species that was once domesticated but has returned to live in the wild is a feral animal. Examples of feral animals are wild dogs and wild horses. Domesticated animals depend on humans to provide for most of their needs, such as a good pasture for cattle.

6. What’s the history of domestication? A. Domestication began thousands of years ago with animals similar to cattle whose fossils were found in Asia.  The fossils date back 3 to 4 million years or more.  The remains have ox-like animal parts and horns comparable to those of goats.  However, cattle are not thought to have been domesticated until 8000 to 6000 B.C. in Europe and parts of Asia.

7. What’s the history of domestication?  The first domesticated bovine animal is believed to have descended from aurochs.  The auroch survived until it became extinct in 1627 near Warsaw, Poland.  Early cattle served a triple purpose for humans. They provided meat, milk, and labor.  Ultimately, the draft purpose was replaced by horses and then by machinery.  Today many breeds are considered for single or dual purposes.

8. Why did we domesticate? 1. People began domestication because having a consistent food supply was easier if animals did not have to be hunted.  People started to manage animals and found it easier to care for them and to understand their needs.  They also found it easier to raise them and use them to help meet human needs.

9. Why did we domesticate? 2. Domestication allowed people to use animals for power in pulling loads.  Many early cattle served as triple-purpose breeds.  Draft purpose was one of the essential functions.  Horses, donkeys, and even goats served a draft purpose.

10. Why did we domesticate? B. Domestication continues today, with new species now undergoing the process.  An example is elk.  Some people are beginning to farm elk, though most elk still exist in the wild.  Bison and some fish are other examples of species being domesticated.  Some types of monkeys are bred for pet trade.  Llamas are bred with alpacas for a greater pet appeal and woollier coats.  The production of fennec foxes, albino hedgehogs, and mutant hairless guinea pigs are examples of how domestication continues today.

11. What are the segments of animal industry? The animal industry is all the activities in producing animals and their products or benefits to meet the needs of people. A. Many competencies are needed to assure that animals receive care that promotes their well-being.  People need to understand the unique characteristics of the species they are producing. B. The animal industry has several important areas.  These contribute to animal production for maximum human benefit.

12. What are the segments of animal industry? 1. Animal production is the production of animals for food and other uses, such as companionship. The kinds of animals produced and the nature of production practices vary, depending on interests and technology. Production may be quite specialized to provide a specific animal product.

13. What are the segments of animal industry? a. Livestock encompasses mammals raised on farms and/or ranches for food and other human purposes.  Cattle, swine, sheep, horses, and goats are often produced on large- scale farms.  Less common species, such as llamas and elk, are usually produced on small-scale farms.

14. What are the segments of animal industry? b. Poultry is the group name for all domesticated birds used for meat, eggs, and feathers.  Poultry is also referred to as birds and fowl.  These birds have wings, backbones, and feathers; some can even swim. c. Other animals produced for specific reasons include food fish, laboratory animals, and exotic animals.

15. What are the segments of animal industry? 2. Animal supplies is the area of the animal industry that provides the inputs (goods or products) needed to produce animals.  These goods or products typically come from sources of the production facility.  Examples are feed, medicine, and equipment.

16. What are the segments of animal industry? 3. Animal services is the area of the animal industry that includes the professional and technical assistance that producers need and use in efficiently producing animals.  Examples of service providers are veterinarians, farriers, and shearers.

17. What are the segments of animal industry? 4. Animal marketing is all the processes involved in assuring that consumers have the desired animal products.  It includes activities in transporting, grading, selling, etc.  Marketing is the link between the producer and the consumer.

18. What are the segments of animal industry? 5. Animal processing is the preparation of animals and animal products for human use or consumption.  It is closely related to marketing.  The functions vary with the product.  Milk, eggs, wool, and meat go through different processes in preparation for consumption.  Some animals, such as those for companionship, safety, or service, do not produce products.

19. What is necessary to provide animal care and well-being? Successful animal production requires care and management. A. Animal well-being is an important part of care and management.  Animal well-being is the result of caring for an animal so all of its needs are met and it does not suffer.  Steps must be taken to make the animal healthy, such as providing proper feed and water.

20. What is necessary to provide animal care and well-being? B. Several areas are important in animal care and management. These are related to producing animals successfully. With study and experience, individuals can develop the knowledge and skill needed to provide care and management. 1. Animal selection is the choosing of animals to achieve desired goals.  This includes the selection of animals for specific characteristics and of animals adapted to the situation in which they will be raised.  Profitability for commercial animal producers requires the production of quality animals.

21. What is necessary to provide animal care and well-being? 2. Animal nutrition is the study of the kind and amount of feed and water an animal needs and how the animal uses food substances.  The needs of animals are dependent on age and condition.  There are several important factors to an animal’s ration.  A ration is an animal’s diet or what an animal eats each day.  It is important to have a properly balanced ration, especially for young animals and lactating females.

22. What is necessary to provide animal care and well-being? 3. Animal health is the condition in which the animal is free of disease and all body systems are functioning properly.  Good nutrition and a good environment promote health.  Vaccination and other health- promoting management are beneficial.  Producers know the importance of prevention.  Disease among animals can be difficult to treat, can be costly, and can decrease production.

23. What is necessary to provide animal care and well-being? 4. Animal reproduction is the process by which offspring are produced.  Understanding reproductive processes of the species is essential for successful animal production. 5. Animal environment is the surroundings in which an animal is living.  Some animals are adapted to the natural weather environment; other animals need housing and protection.  Animal environment includes the surroundings in which an animal is placed temporarily, such as in hauling, handling, penning, and other situations involved in production.

24. How are livestock classified? Animals are classified by species, age, and sexual state.  It is important to use the appropriate names when referring to animals. A. Age is a means of determining the difference between mature animals and immature animals. B. Sexual state is another way of classifying animals.

25. How are livestock classified? 1. Male or female is one distinction. 2. Another distinction is whether an animal is in its natural sexual state or whether it has undergone sexual alteration known as neutering.  An animal is neutered to prevent it from reproducing or to cause it to express desired traits.  For example, neutering may increase the rate of growth and the quality of meat.

26. How are livestock classified?  Two types of neutering are castration and spaying. a. Castration is the removal or destruction of the testicles of a male so it does not breed. b. Spaying is the removal of the ovaries or the cutting of the fallopian tubes of a female so an egg cannot enter the uterus, where it may be fertilized and develop as an embryo and fetus.

27. How are livestock classified? C. The following are common names of cattle.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A castrated male is a _____.  6. A newborn is a _____.  7. A group of cattle is a _____.

28. How are livestock classified? D. The following are common names of goats.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A castrated male is a _____.  6. A newborn is a _____.  7. A group of goats is a _____.

29. How are livestock classified? E. The following are common names of sheep.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A castrated male is a _____.  6. A newborn is a _____.  7. A group of sheep is a _____.

30. How are livestock classified? F. The following are common names of hogs/swine.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A castrated male is a _____.  6. A newborn is a _____.  7. A group of hogs/swine is a _____.

31. How are livestock classified? G. The following are common names of chickens.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A castrated male is a _____.  6. A newborn is a _____.  7. A group of chickens is a _____.

32. How are livestock classified? H. The following are common names of turkeys.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A newborn is a _____.  6. A group of turkeys is a _____.

33. How are livestock classified? K. The following are common names of horses.  1. A mature male is a _____.  2. A mature female is a _____.  3. A young male is a _____.  4. A young female is a _____.  5. A castrated male is a _____.  6. A newborn is a _____.  7. A group of horses is a _____.

35. Review #2 – Checking Your Knowledge 1. What is the animal industry? 2. What are the five main areas of the animal industry? 3. What do we call the process of removing animals from the wild and raising them in a controlled environment? 4. What is a feral animal? 5. What are the five areas of care and management that animals need?