ANCIENT AFRICA 3200BC-500BC 5000yrs ago Farming civs grow along Nile River. To control flooding built: dikes, reservoirs and irrigation ditches. 3100BC King Menes (Scorpion King) unites upper and lower Egypt into United Egypt.

OLD KINGDOM EGYPT 2575BC-2310 Pharaohs (God-Kings) organized strong central Gov. Theocracy-controls all aspects of pops life. Time of Pyramids. Strong rulers.

READING: THE WONDERS OF THE PYRAMIDS

Middle Kingdom 1938BC-1630BC Time of trade Time of War Time of Contact with other civs. New ideas, customs and tech spread from other civs through cultural diffusion.

NEW KINGDOM 1539BC-1075BC Powerful Pharaohs continued trade and warfare. Hatshepsut and Ramses II established large empires for Egypt that would reach to Euphrates River.

READING FROM THE FINDING OF THE TOMB

Egypt Civ Polytheistic-worship many gods Burials and body preservation Scribes wrote in Hieroglyphics Class society: Pharaoh on top Nobles Merchants and artisans Farmers Slaves

Ancient Sumer City-States-city and surrounding lands In Fertile Crescent area called Mesopotamia between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Used irrigation and dikes like Egyptians. Center of City-state had ziggurat- pyramid- temples worship and Gov. centers Hierarchy developed with rulers and ruling families on top as well as priests and warriors.

Wrote in Cuneiform. Scribes specialized: read, wrote and kept records for Kingdom. 2300BC Sargon took city-states of Sumer built first known empire.

Hammurabi King of Babylon took power 1790BC and put Mesopotamia under his control. Used laws (Code of Hammurabi) to control people. First known law code Persians took control of region in 539BC

BROWN BOOK P37-44 Q:1-4 Hammurabi’s codes Reading

WARFARE AND TRADE IN MESOPOTAMIA Spread Iron working throughout Mediterranean. Assyrians set up first library. Phoenicians created alphabet Persians improved trade with coin usage

ROOTS OF JUDAISM Hebrews lived in Fertile Crescent area. Developed monotheism-one god worship Recorded laws in the Torah Prophets- spiritual leaders pushed code of ethics: personal morality, social justice, rich should protect poor and weak

100BC established Kingdom of Israel King Solomon built temple to God at Jerusalem Warfare split kingdom into two parts and invading armies took Hebrew Kingdoms Became known as Jews during captivity under foreign rulers

2000yrs ago forced to leave homeland-called the diaspora. Kept traditions alive wherever they were taken. Judaism strongly influenced other monotheistic faiths: Christianity and Islam

Shared heritage is called the Judeo-Christian tradition.

Writing in Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform Activity

1.Which writing style seems harder and why? 2.Which writing style did you like better and why?

READ FOR HW P8-9