Tim Watkins Deputy Director National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development Opportunities for TEMPO to Enhance Air Quality Management and Exposure Assessment TEMPO Applications Workshop Huntsville, AL July 12-13, 2016

EPA Partner-Stakeholder Priorities for Air Climate and Energy Research Implementation Sciences - new measurement technologies (e.g., sensors and satellites); air quality models/tools Emissions Science - oil & gas priority; updating multiple inventories (e.g., CAFO’s) Public Health/Welfare - multipollutant issues (e.g., NOx/SOx, near- roadway risks, wildfires, exposure science) Climate Change Preparedness – assessments and adaptation are important (e.g., cross-media models), mitigation 2 Drought

Current ACE Research Topics Assess the impacts of climate change on the environment and public health to inform the development of sustainable approaches to prepare for climate change 3 Sustainable Energy and Mitigation Climate Impacts Vulnerability and Adaptation Emissions and Measurements Atmospheric and Integrated Modeling Systems Protecting Environmental Public Health and Wellbeing Develop innovative technologies and approaches to characterize source emissions and ambient air pollutants Develop and apply air quality and cross-media models to support regulatory and community-based decisions Develop solutions-oriented approaches to assess multipollutant exposures and resulting human and ecological effects of air pollutant mixtures to inform policy and public health practices Assess the environmental impacts and those factors affecting energy sectors choices from extraction to end-use

Connections between ACE Research Topics and TEMPO Science Questions 1.What are the temporal and spatial variations of emissions of gases and aerosols important for air quality and climate? 2.How do physical, chemical, and dynamical processes determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and temporally from diurnal to seasonal? 3.How does air pollution drive climate forcing, and how does climate change affect air quality on a continental scale? 4.How can observations from space improve air quality forecasts and assessments for societal benefit? 5.How does intercontinental pollution transport affect air quality? 6.How do episodic events (e.g., wild fires, dust outbreaks, and volcanic eruptions) affect atmospheric composition and air quality? 4 Sustainable Energy and Mitigation Climate Impacts Vulnerability and Adaptation Emissions and Measurements Atmospheric and Integrated Modeling Systems Protecting Environmental Public Health and Wellbeing

EPA’s Core Research Areas to Support Air Quality Management 5 Core Research Area Air Quality Management Activity (Examples) Emissions measurements and characterization Emission inventories for modeling and development of State Implementation Plans (SIP) Enforcement and compliance with source based regulations Ground-based ambient air quality measurements Compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Public exposure assessment Model evaluation Air quality modeling (w/meteorology and chemistry) Modeling for development of SIPs Public exposure assessment Exposure and health impacts of air pollution Review of NAAQS Risk assessment

Addressing Ongoing and Future Challenges Relating to EPA’s Core AQM Research Areas Characterizing fugitive and area source emissions from sources such as oil and gas production Filling spatial and temporal gaps in air quality monitoring networks Increasing emphasis on local scale air pollution issues Increasing emphasis on global transport on air pollution Air quality and climate change interactions and system dynamics Understanding and informing personal exposures to air pollution 6 Low Cost Sensor Technologies Data Fusion Approaches Global Scale AQ modeling Fine Scale AQ modeling Climate Systems Modeling Mobile and Fenceline Measurements Challenges

Exposure Science in the 21 st Century 7 Science and Technology Advances Enabling Advancements in Exposure Science Excerpt from NAS Report: “For example, developments in geographic information science and technologies are leading to rapid adoption of new information from satellites via remote sensing and providing immediate access to data on potential environmental threats.” NAS Report: Exposure Science in the 21 st Center (2012) FIGURE 5-1 Selected scientific and technologic advances considered in relation to the conceptual framework. (NAS 2012)

EPA as a Partner and Collaborator for TEMPO Mutual interest to advance air quality management and exposure assessment to protect public health and the environment Complementary science and research objectives Opportunities to leverage Continue to learn from and build on existing collaborations such as DISCOVER-AQ and KORUS Prepare for future collaborations to maximize benefits of TEMPO – Sharing and working together on existing and simulated data sets 8

Learning from Existing Collaborations: DISCOVER-AQ Source: Crawford et al., EM Magazine Aug 2016  Use existing PAMS/NCore Network infrastructure and supplement with PANDORA and ambient measurements (i.e., direct NO 2 ) – DISCOVER-AQ approach.  Establish ground validation sites to provide a suite of measurements for TEMPO L2 geophysical validation and evaluation of derived air quality data products/parameters (potential L3) (primary focus NAAQS).  Collocated total column and ambient air quality measurements will allow for an improved characterization of uncertainty.  Help establish measurement link with traditional AQ measurements. DISCOVER-AQ NO2 Column and surface during Denver Campaign 9

Building Future Collaborations: EPA Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station (PAMS) Providing TEMPO Ground Based Validation 10 Potential Locations of Revised Network Map based on ozone design values PAMS requirements will be based on data Ceilometer/lidar Aerosol layers/mixing heights Ground-based spectrometer Column density O 3, NO 2, HCHO, SO 2 Improved trace-gas FRM/FEMs

EPA as a Broker and Advocate for TEMPO EPA is leader in air quality management and has well established relationships with key air quality management practitioners and stakeholders – State/Local organization, e.g., Environmental Council of States (ECOS) and Environmental Research Institute of States (ERIS) – Regional air quality organizations – Federal partners – Industry (both regulated and vendors of air quality management tools) – Air quality management – Academia – International organizations EPA is also a leader in the exposure science community EPA can be very effective as broker and advocate for air quality and exposure measurements from TEMPO – Raise awareness – Increasing understanding and effective utilization of data – Translate data for a variety of applications ranging from emissions, to ambient air quality, to exposure, to health endpoints. 11

Summary: Opportunities Abound 12 Building the foundation for near term applications Emissions Inventories (improve or develop new methods, including mobile sources and area sources such as soil NOx) Inform air quality model development and evaluation Evaluation of impact of short term climate forcers (ozone, chemically produced aerosols) and climate-chemistry connections Data on smaller spatial scales better supports AQ assessment and planning activities: Source attribution, Exceptional Event Evaluations (e.g., Wildfires) and Trends Intercontinental transport of air pollution (HTAP and other activities Paving the way for potential future applications Integration into air monitoring networks New public health applications EPA is prepared to play a significant role as a partner, collaborator, broker and advocate for TEMPO.