Woods joints are often glued to make them permanent. The strength of the joint depends on the marking out and cutting (accuracy)

In commercial production traditional wood joints are being replaced with new methods which are quicker, stronger and can be flat packed

These are blocks, brackets which allows furniture to be put together and taken apart easily. ADVANTAGE Very fast and easy to use, cheap and can be flat packed. DISADVANTAGE Not as strong as traditional joints or glues and unattractive.

On the sheet provided disassemble the photo frame using sketches and annotation (labels). Things to include! 1.What Material could be used and why? 2.How has the design been formed (cut pg 75-76) 3.How has the sharp edges been removed? 4.What joining methods have been used (pg 84-85)? 5.What adhesives have been used? 6.What finish has been used? 7.How could the design be made environmentally friendly?

Design could be made environmentally friendly by using softwood from a sustainable source. Any waste material will be recycled or reused

There are TWO main ways of joining metal PERMANENT or SEMI PERMANENT Bolts are used to join pieces together either permanently or temporarily. Many steel structures, including buildings, are simply bolted together. Pop riveting is a technique that is used to join thin pieces of metal. The pop rivet pliers are used to pull the pin through the rivet and as this happens the rivet is deformed slightly so that it joins the metal or plastic pieces. This is explained in detail below. This technique is used where the metal or plastic is thin and where the joint does not have to be very strong. It is ideal for joining aluminium or even thin sheet plastic.

Clean away dirt and add flux Turn on brazing torch Heat up join and add brazing rod The melted brazing rod cools and forms a joint between the sheets of metal

ACRYLIC CEMENT (TENSOL CEMENT) Watery, clear liquid, isn't particularly strong, ideal for joints which are not going to be moved. Hot glue gun - can be used to join a variety of plastics. This glue usually gives a semi-permanent joint as surfaces glued together can sometimes come apart. The glue is a type of plastic that melts when hot and solidifies when it cools Super glue - joins plastics together, very quickly. Great care must be taken when using this type of glue as it will just as easily glue fingers together.. Contact adhesive - adhesive is applied to both surfaces and when the surfaces appear to be dry they are pushed together. If the two pieces of material are left for a number of hours, they are virtually impossible to take apart. A good example is ‘Araldite’

QUESTIONS Draw and name an example of a wood joint that you think has been used to join this section of an outdoor seat

QUESTIONS Name two methods of increasing the strength of a wood joint, permanent or temporary Nails, screws and glues Give two examples of adhesives you would use to join wood joints together? PVA, super glue, contact adhesive and epoxy resin

QUESTIONS Opposite is a typical knock down fitting used to join two sheets of manufactured board. Give two (2) reasons why this type of fitting is more commonly used instead of other traditional methods of joining Very fast and easy to use, cheap and can be flat packed. Give two disadvantage of using Knock down fittings rather than traditional wood joints Not as strong as traditional joints or glues and unattractive

QUESTIONS Metal can be joined permanently using heat. Name two of these processes. Brazing and welding Metal can be joined semi permanently. Name two of these processes. Nuts, bolts and pop riveting

QUESTIONS The outdoor seat shown here is in the process of being designed. One problem is that the legs need securing to the seat so that they do not become loose when being used. State whether you would use a permanent or temporary fastening to secure the seat. Sketch the type of fixing method you would use. Permanent

QUESTIONS When gluing metal, plastic or wooden parts it is important to take certain precautions to ensure that you make a quality joint. List two points that you would observe when using adhesives. Remove any dust Remove any grease Make sure the joint cut is accurate

QUESTIONS Name four methods that plastic can be joined permanently. Contact adhesive, super glue, hot glue gun, Tensol cement Name three methods that fabric can be joined together. bonding, gluing, sewing and heat sealing.

QUESTIONS The outdoor seat shown here is in the process of being designed. One problem is that they are unable to think of a method of joining the polyester seat to the softwood frame. Sketch the type of fixing method you would use and add notes to explain why it would not become loose.