Today’s Objectives 1.Review Greek geography, city-states and government using your notebook. 2. Take Greece Quiz #1 3. Read, listen and write notes about the Persian War. 4 Write complete sentences to match the images.

1.Ionian Sea 2.Mediterranean Sea 3.Agean Sea 4.Sparta 5.Athens 6.Peloponnesus Penninsula

5 Greek Governments Quiz 1.The citizens vote. 2.Ruler with absolute power. 3.This government had three leaders….they had this in Sparta. 4.One King 5.Rich men rule

Greek Mythology 1.King of the gods 2.Queen of the gods 3.Goddess of war and wisdom. A temple was built for her in Athens. 4.The goddess of love and beauty. 5.Twin brother of Athena. God of medicine and healing.

Persian Wars 490BCE- 479 BCE

What do you remember about Persia? Leaders? Religion? Government?

Cyrus the Great Called “the Great” because of his conquests, and because people loved him Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it UNTIL they tried to conquer Greece!

Who Fought? Persians versus Greeks Greeks- Athenians, Spartans, Ionians

Greeks from Athens and Sparta Joined together to fight the Persians. This was very unusual!

What are some reasons we fight wars? What do people (or countries) want?

Why did they have a war? They were fighting for control of land. Persians had a lot of land and wanted to control Greece and the Greek colonies.

The Greeks did not want to give up their power and influence to the Persian. The King Darius & the Persians invaded the mainland.

Sparta & Athens and smaller city- states joined together to fight the Persians.

The battles were fierce.

The invasion was a combined land and sea invasion.

The Greek Army… 1.Adult males were expected to perform military service when the city-state needed them. 1.Most Greek men had military training.

Greek soldiers were called hoplites.

The Greek army fought in a phalanx formation. They were lined up very close together.

Young Greek men used slingshots and javelins. They helped the older soldiers.

1.Much larger than the Greek army. 2.They were not as unified. 3.They spoke many languages, had a variety of equipment and different levels of training. The Persian Army

The Persians didn’t have really good weapons or armor.

Battle of Marathon 10,000 Greeks vs. 50, ,000 Persians. The Greeks won!

Why do you think the Greeks won?

The Persians got on their boats and went back to Persia!

What happened after the Persian Wars?

Greece entered the “Golden Age of Athens & Pericles”

What do you think “Golden Age” means?

Golden Age: a time of great happiness, success, and achievement

When? After the Persian Wars

Where?

Athens became very strong and beautiful. Athens continued to have democracy. Athens had more artists, drama, poets, scientists, and philosophers.

Athens! Pericles rebuilt Athens after the destruction of the Persian Wars

Athens remained independent so its contributions to history, like democracy, poetry, theater, etc. could continue.

Greek victory created a sense of unity among Greek city states. Effects of the Persian Wars

Athens took over control of the Delian League, which combined 173 city states.

Have you ever heard of a Marathon? 1.What is it? 2.How could it be related to the Battle of Marathon?

Here is the story….

The Greek runner Pheidippides ran 26 miles to Athens to tell them they won! He was so exhausted that he died after delivering the message!

Uh oh…. Here comes the Persian War Part 2!

Part 2: Persian War 10 years later (480 BC) Xerxes, son of Darius vowed revenge.

Persian King Xerxes Was the son of King Darius.

He Invaded Greece He had a HUGE army: 100, ,000 troops!

Greek Strategy Greek unity did not last after the first Persian War. Sparta and Athens went back to being enemies.

The Athenian leader Themistocles decided that they could never stand up to the Persians or Spartans on land, so they decided to build a large navy of triremes. – a major sailing vessel powered by three levels of oarsmen

The Greeks were betrayed and surrounded. 300 Spartans fought to the death so the rest of the Greeks could escape.

The Persian army pushed on to Athens, which was evacuated, and the Persians burnt it to the ground.

The Persian army had been slowed down, but their navy was still a major threat. Battle at Salamis

The Persian navy had been damaged by storms, but still outnumbered the Greeks 1,200 ships to 350.

The Greek navy caught the Persians by surprise in the narrow straits of Salamis, where their advantage in numbers was reduced.

200 Persian ships were sunk. The Greeks lost 40 ships. The Persian navy sailed back to Persia.

Battle of Plataea While Athens crushed the Persians at Sea, the Spartan army defeated the Persian army. Xerxes retreated