ENERGY SYSTEMS

Q. Q. Where does energy come from ? Carbohydrate Fat Protein (only if the above 2 are lacking) A. A. The food we eat …

Digestion ENERGY SYSTEMS Food (CHO) Energy Muscular contraction ++ CO 2 H 2 O

AEROBIC In the presence of Oxygen ANAEROBIC In the absence of Oxygen There are two ‘TYPES’ of ATP production

3 Energy Systems: 3 systems for producing energy (ATP): It’s like a car revving through the gears All systems are used but one dominates

ATP 1. Creatine phosphate system ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE A A A P A P A P

ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE A A A P A P A P

Energy ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ATP ADP + Energy + P A A A P A P A P

CREATINE PHOSPHATE SYSTEM The body stores phosphocreatine in the muscles. This breaks down to provide used phosphate to recreate ATP Features: no waste products, no 02 needed, anaerobic

ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE A A A P A P A P

Energy ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ATP ADP + Energy + P A A A P A P A P

THE SYSTEM IS ANAEROBIC Only sustainable for up to three minutes 2. THE LACTATE SYSTEM o Glucose and Glycogen are broken down to restore 2/3 units of ATP o The limiting factor of this system is the build up of lactic acid which causes the muscles to fatigue

3. THE AEROBIC SYSTEM Conversion of oxygen and nutrients into energy takes place in the mitochondria Mitochondria

TIME IN MINUTES Creatine Phosphate Lactic Acid Aerobic PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY

THE ENERGY CONTINUUM OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROPORTIONS OF ENERGY SYSTEMS used in any given exercise activity are : level of fitness (whether adaptations to training have included enhancement of relevant enzymes - which would for example postpone levels of lactate accumulation) availability of O 2 and food fuels, for example a high CHO diet would assist replenishment Of glycogen stores which would then be available for glycolysis VARIATION IN CONTRIBUTION OF ENERGY SYSTEMS as time progresses during intense exercise, the following chart shows the contribution of the different energy systems to the resynthesis of ATP

Draw a grid Creatine PhosphateLactateAerobic

How long does it take to recover? What level intensity can you do? What % of max? How long does it keep u going for? Define the type of system; aerobic? Anaerobic? State the speed of each system- very rapid/ rapid/ slow Name the source of energy used by each system State (in general) how much ATP is produced? Unlimited, limited, very limited? What Waste Products are produced? Oxygen LactatePhosphate Task: ENERGY SYSTEMS Speed of system Put an answer in each column

Time to eat and drink (to replenish fuel stores) 20 min – 2 hrs (to break down lactic acid) Quick Recovery (30 sec – 4 min) Low Intensity (Up to 60% max) High Intensity (60 – 95% max) High Intensity (95 – 100% max) Long Duration 1 – 2 min of Intense Activity Short Duration (0-10 secs) No Fatiguing Waste Products Lactic AcidNo waste products Unlimited ATPLimited ATPVery Limited ATP Glycogen & FatGlycogenCreatine phosphate SlowRapidVery Rapid AerobicAnaerobic Oxygen LactatePhosphate Task: ENERGY SYSTEMS

THE ENERGY CONTINUUM 100% % 100% % Bowers & Fox (1988) Weight lifting Diving: Gymnastics 200m sprint Ice hockey Fencing 100m swim Tennis Hockey 800m run Boxing 200m row 1 mile run 400m swim 2 mile run 3 mile run Skating 10 km Marathon 100m sprint; Golf & Tennis swings; American football Basketball; Baseball; Volleyball; 400m sprint Lacrosse Soccer 200m swim; Skating 1500m run 800m swim Cross country running; Jogging AerobicAnaerobic each of the PC, lactic acid and aerobic systems contribute some ATP during the performance of all sports one or other of the energy systems usually provides the major contribution for a given activity