Chapter3 COMPUTER HARDWARE

Goal: Reviews history, trends, and developments in microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems; basic computer system concepts; and the major types of technologies used in peripheral devices for computer input, output, and storage.. Learning outcome: To know about the usage of computer hardware. Objective: – Understand the history and evolution of computer hardware. – Identify the major types and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems. – Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.

Content Enterprise Computing – History of Computer Hardware – Types of Computer Systems – The Computer System Concept Computer Peripherals – Input Technologies – Output Technologies – Storage Trade-Offs

History of Computer Hardware Using object for represent calculation. Pebble were arrange (similar abacus) Blaise Pascal invented mechanical adding machine(1962) by using wheel to move counter(abacus concept). Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz improved Pascal’s machine that could divide and multiple (1674). Jacquard loom was created and was controlled by a program encoded into the punch cards. Analystical Engine that use punch card idea was create by Charlys Babbage. ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was created in 1946(18K Vacumtube) 5K Compute/s UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Calculator) in It can perform 100K calculate/s. Late 1950 Transister were invented( K calculation/s) 1974 Four generation Computer was create by minimal of circuit, increase multi programming Age of microcomputer 1979 Apple was began.

Types of Computer Systems

Microcomputers(PC): – For both businesspeople and consumers use. – They use for home, personal, professional, workstation, and multiuser systems. – They come in a variety of sizes and shapes for a variety of purposes such as handheld, notebook, laptop, tablet, portable, desktop, and floor-standing models. – The category of microcomputer: Computer Terminals: consist of Dumb terminals, intelligent terminals(ATM,POS), Internet terminals. Network Computers: designed primarily for use with the Internet and corporate intranets by clerical workers, operational employees, and knowledge workers with specialized or limited computing applications. Information Appliances: Web enabled PDAs use touch screens, pen-based handwriting recognition, or keypads so that mobile workers can send and receive , access the Web, and exchange information such as appointments, to-do lists, and sales contacts with their desktop PCs or Web servers. Midrange Systems: They are primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-scale processing of many business applications. They are powerful network servers (computers used to coordinate communications and manage resource sharing in network settings) to help manage large Internet Web sites, corporate intranets and extranets, and other networks. Mainframe Computer Systems: – They are large, fast, and powerful computer systems. – They have large primary storage capacities. – They handle the information processing needs of major corporations and government agencies with high transaction processing volumes or complex computational problems. Ex: Banks, airlines, oil companies

Examples of microcomputer systems

Midrange computer systems

Mainframe computer

The Computer System Concept

Input Technologies Pointing Devices: – Mouse is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen. – Trackball is a stationary device related to the mouse. – Pointing stick (also called a trackpoint ) is a small button-like device, sometimes likened to the eraser head of a pencil. – Touch pad is a small rectangular touch-sensitive surface usually placed below the keyboard. – Touch screens are devices that allow you to use a computer by touching the surface of its video display screen. Pen-Based Computing: – Pen-based computing technologies are still being used in many handheld computers and personal digital assistants. Speech Recognition Systems: – Speech recognition may be the future of data entry and certainly promises to be the easiest method for word processing, application navigation, and conversational computing because speech is the easiest, most natural means of human communication. Optical Scanning: – Optical scanning devices read text or graphics and convert them into digital input for your computer. Other Input Technologies: – Magnetic stripe technology is a familiar form of data entry that helps computers read credit cards. – Smart cards that embed a microprocessor chip and several kilobytes of memory into debit, credit, and other cards are popular in Europe and becoming available in the United States. – Digital cameras: Enable you to shoot, store, and download still photos or full-motion video with audio into your PC.

Pointing Device

Pen-Based Computing

Speech Recognition

Optical Scanning

Output Technologies Video Output: There are two types cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Printed Output: For Print information on paper(Inkjet printers, Laser printers).

Output Technologies

Storage Trade-Offs

Computer Storage Fundamentals Computer data represent by binary data. Storage measurement: bit, Byte. Type of data access: – Direct access: Magnetic disk devices – Sequential access: Magnetic tape Type of Storage Media: – Semiconductor memory: RAM,ROM – Magnetic Disks: Floppy disks, Hard disk drives, RAID. – Magnetic Tape: – Optical Disks: CD-ROM, DVD

Type of access

Storage Type