& Spinal Cord THE BRAIN

 Function: conducting nerve impulses, center for spinal reflexes  CNS SPINAL CORD

 Reflex arc – simple pathway, includes only a few neurons  Two-neuron arc (just spinal cord & motor neurons)  Three-neuron arc (sensory, interneurons, and motor)  Reflex behavior – automatic, subconscious responses to stimulus  Withdrawal reflex – occurs when you touch something painful  Knee-jerk reflex – maintains uprightness NERVE PATHWAYS

 Cerebrum  Diencephalon  Cerebellum  Brain stem DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN

 Wrinkly, large part of the brain  Responsible for higher mental function CEREBRUM

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES  Left and right sides connected by the corpus callosum

FISSURES  Separate the lobes of the brain

 Separates left and right cerebral hemispheres LONGITUDINAL FISSURE psychtests.com/tes tid/3178

 Frontal  Parietal  Temporal  Occipital  Insula LOBES OF THE BRAIN

 Higher intellectual functioning  Concentration  Decision making  Planning  Personality  Verbal communication  Voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles FRONTAL LOBE

 Formulating words to express thoughts/emotions  Sensory interpretation of textures (touch)  Pain PARIETAL LOBE

 Interpretation of hearing (auditory) sensations  Interpretation of smelling (olfactory) sensations  Understanding speech TEMPORAL LOBE

 Interpretation of visual stimuli OCCIPITAL LOBE

 Interpretation of taste  Memory INSULA

 Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes LATERAL FISSURE

 Thin layer of gray matter that is the outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles) CEREBRAL CORTEX

 All the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum  Fissures = deep grooves  Sulcus = shallow groove  Gyrus = bump CONVOLUTIONS OF THE BRAIN

 Separates the frontal and parietal lobes  Precentral gyrus (frontal lobe) – primary motor cortex  Postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe) – primary somatosensory cortex CENTRAL SULCUS

 Means “little man”  Represents the amount of cortex dedicated to a specific body part HOMUNCULUS

 Individuals who undergo amputations sometimes feel extreme pain in their amputated “limb” even after its removal  MTM MTM PHANTOM LIMBS

 Lobes of the brain and their functional areas  Primary motor cortex  Primary somatosensory cortex  Primary auditory cortex  Primary visual cortex  Somatosensory association area  Auditory association area  Visual association area  Broca’s area  Wernicke area P

 Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum TRANSVERSE FISSURE