Chapter 2 2 Purpose, Benefits, and Philosophy C H A P T E R

Physical Education Physical activity is NOT physical education. Physical activity –Any bodily movement that increases energy expenditure and enhances fitness Physical education –A process of learning that uses physical activity as the catalyst

Purpose and Benefits of PE: Psychomotor Domain Psychomotor domain –Development of neuromuscular and fitness skills –Unique to physical education Benefits –Helps control weight –Reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases –Reduces risk of type 2 diabetes (continued)

Purpose and Benefits of PE: Psychomotor Domain (continued) Benefits –Reduces risk of some cancers –Strengthens bones and muscles –Increases mental health –Increases chance of living longer

Physical Activity Plan

Purpose and Benefits of PE: Cognitive Domain Cognitive domain –Development of thinking and knowledge-based skills Benefits –Helps students become PE literate –Improves mental outcomes and functions –Higher fitness scores are associated with higher academic test scores

Purpose and Benefits of PE: Affective Domain Affective domain –Development of positive physical activity attitudes and feelings Benefits –Increases confidence and self-esteem –Natural psychological pick-me-up –Reduces stress, anxiety, and depression

Purpose and Benefits of PE: Social Domain Social domain –Development of appropriate social skills, such as teamwork, fair play, and cooperation Benefits –Enhances positive social interactions –Enhances appropriate game-play etiquette –Develops good sporting behaviors

National Physical Education Standards of NAPSE Purpose of physical education –Develop physically educated individuals who have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthy physical activity Standards –Specific to grade spans: K-2; 3-5; 6-8; 9-12 –Addresses three learning domains (continued)

National Physical Education Standards (continued) Six standards 1.Skilled movements 2.Movement knowledge 3.Physically active lifestyle 4.Personal fitness 5.Personal and social responsibility 6.Value physical activity

Philosophy of Physical Education What is philosophy? –Your beliefs and thoughts about what is true Why is it important? –Provides instructional focus and direction in understanding the purpose and role of physical education –Helps shape teaching values and clarify areas of emphasis

Philosophy Components Based on values –Meaning, relevance, and importance –Values from religion or spirituality (right and wrong) Based on science –Logical outcomes and what makes sense –Past learning experiences and outcomes

Factors in a Teaching Philosophy

Philosophical Ties With PE History Nationalistic philosophy Muscular Christianity New physical education Playground and recreation movement Fitness movement

Traditional Philosophies: Idealism Knowledge is important –Teach the whys; teach the content –Physical activity is a secondary focus Character development is important –Develop moral and spiritual values –Shape students to be the best they can be

Traditional Philosophies: Realism Evidence and proof are important –Evidence-based curriculum programs –Test results and assessments Learning progressions and process are important –Skill practice progressions lead to favorable outcomes.

Traditional Philosophies: Pragmatism Experience is important –Learn by doing Developing social skills is important –Work within a democratic society –Develop problem-solving skills –Use cooperative activities

Traditional Philosophies: Naturalism Individual (natural) development is important –Based on personal interests and maturity Mind and body experiences are important –Allows children to explore movements and select equipment to use according to their level of readiness

Traditional Philosophies: Existentialism Individual learning process is most important –Learning is up to the student –Students select what they want to learn about Learning about oneself is most important –Student choices and consequences help develop responsibility

Physical Education Philosophy A teaching philosophy supports what you think and do. –Beliefs match what you practice and teach. –Quality PE programs are traced to solid teaching philosophies. What is your teaching philosophy? –Eclectic: Assorted list of philosophical views

Summary Physical education has a unique role in a school’s program: developing movement and fitness skills in a physical activity setting. Positive benefits of participating in daily physical education result from quality programs and teaching practices. High-quality programs and teaching are traced to solid teaching philosophies.