The United States and the Middle East Mr. Bach Hudson High School United States History

An Ancient Struggle in Jerusalem

The Birth of Israel Horrors of the Holocaust leads to demand for a Jewish State in PalestineHorrors of the Holocaust leads to demand for a Jewish State in Palestine President Truman is the first world leader to recognize the State of Israel (May 14, 1948)President Truman is the first world leader to recognize the State of Israel (May 14, 1948)

Arab-Israel Wars 1948: Israeli War for Independence (vs. Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Palestine)1948: Israeli War for Independence (vs. Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Palestine) 1956: Suez Crisis (with France and Britain vs. Egypt)1956: Suez Crisis (with France and Britain vs. Egypt) 1967: Six Day War (vs. Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq)1967: Six Day War (vs. Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq)

Why Does Israel Keep Winning? American Financial and Military Assistance How do the Arab States break this relationship?

Attack the U.S. Economy 1973: Yom Kippur War (Israel vs. Egypt, Syria and Iraq). OPEC launches an oil embargo against the U.S. days later. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Effects of the Embargo

The Economic Effect

The U.S. Must Engage the Middle East President Carter brokers the Camp David Accords between Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat and Israel’s Menachem Begin in 1978President Carter brokers the Camp David Accords between Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat and Israel’s Menachem Begin in 1978

1978 – Are Our Worries Over? OPEC may still be strong, but at least we can count on oil supplies coming from our ally in the region... IRAN

Mohammed Mossadegh Democratically elected Prime Minister of IranDemocratically elected Prime Minister of Iran –Very popular with the people Purges military of corruptionPurges military of corruption Nationalizes foreign oil fieldsNationalizes foreign oil fields

OPERATION AJAX CIA-sponsored coupCIA-sponsored coup U.S. supports strengthens the ShahU.S. supports strengthens the Shah Mossadegh on Trial Kermit Roosevelt Shah of Iran

Dictatorship of Shah Reza Pahlavi Lives lavishlyLives lavishly Establishes close ties to the West.Establishes close ties to the West. Represses political dissidentsRepresses political dissidents People live in poverty.People live in poverty.

The Iranian Revolution 1979 Shah flees to U.S. Ayatollah Khomenei Iranian Hostage Crisis

A Dictatorship for a Dictatorship Strong Constitutional Monarch Islamic Republic of Iran (Theocracy)

Failures in Iran and Energy doom Carter The “Malaise Speech” – We Have a Crisis of Confidence The doomed rescue mission

Current Top Exporters of U.S. Crude Oil (February 2009) Country Thousands of Barrels per Day Canada1,913 Mexico1,219 Saudi Arabia 1,099 Venezuela960 Angola671 Iraq554

Today’s Impact?

The Government of Iran Assembly of Experts (the Mullahs) choose the Supreme Leader and review laws for religious complianceAssembly of Experts (the Mullahs) choose the Supreme Leader and review laws for religious compliance PresidentPresident –Chosen by universal suffrage and serves a 4 year term –Candidates approved by Mullahs Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Iranian Nuclear Ambitions Pinnochiayatollah January 28, 2005 – Birmingham News

Iranian Nuclear Ambitions Al-Jazeerah

Iran vs. Israel

Hope in the Youth?