UNIT 1 NOTES Chapter 13 – Expansion of American Industry Chapter 15 –Politics, Immigration, & Urban Life

Chapter 13 The Expansion of American Industry (1850–1900)

Section 1: A Technological Revolution Section 2: The Growth of Big Business Section 3: Industrialization and Workers Section 4: The Great Strikes Chapter 13: The Expansion of American Industry (1850–1900)

Presidents of the United States #  George Washington; Federalist (1788)  John Adams; Federalist (1796)  Thomas Jefferson (1800)  James Madison (1808)  James Monroe (1816)  John Quincy Adams (1824)  Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)  Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)  William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)  John Tyler; Whig (1841)  James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)  Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)  Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)  Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)  James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)  Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) #21 - … Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)

 CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the changes in late 1800’s urban life relating to Immigration, Industrialization, and Politics in the Gilded Age.  Objective 1.1 : How did advances in technology affect people and business in this era?  Objective 1.2 : Describe the strategies and practices Industrialists used to build their businesses.  THEME: American Industry will grow with positive and negative consequences

CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1 – A TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION TECHNOLOGY CHANGE AND THE INVENTORS WHO ACCOMPLISHED IT

Inventions Change Business

INVENTORS! Struck oil in Pennsylvania in New uses for oil grew rapidly and oil became a big business. Edwin L. Drake An inventor who developed a workable light bulb using direct current. Thomas A. Edison Experimented with alternating current, which was less expensive and more practical than direct current, which Edison had used. By using a transformer, he uses power stations to bring electricity to homes. George Westinghouse

COMMUNICATION INVENTIONS

RAILROADS  In 1856, Henry Bessemer received the first patent for the Bessemer process, which made steel production easier and less expensive.  The Bessemer Process made possible mass production, or production in great amounts, of steel. o Making steel faster and cheaper allowed many more railroad lines to be built  Railroads revolutionized business in the United States in several key ways. o Faster transport of goods. o Created national markets o Provided a model for big business.

MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE NEW STRUCTURE The owner never meets the workers and has multiple managers to run the business OLD STRUCTURE Owner and employees work side- by-side and know each other well ↓

TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION — Assessment  How did new choices created by the Industrial Revolution change the way people lived? A. The Industrial Revolution took away creativity from inventors B. It made daily life more difficult for people but increased industrial production C. New inventions forced laborers to make more goods by hand D. It energized American Industry and made people’s lives more convenient  Inventions in the late 1800s increased businesses’ _______________, or the amount of goods business could make in a certain time period. A. Productivity B. Patent C. Technology D. Labor Union

TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION — Assessment  How did new choices created by the Industrial Revolution change the way people lived? A. The Industrial Revolution took away creativity from inventors B. It made daily life more difficult for people but increased industrial production C. New inventions forced laborers to make more goods by hand D. It energized American Industry and made people’s lives more convenient  Inventions in the late 1800s increased businesses’ _______________, or the amount of goods business could make in a certain time period. A. Productivity B. Patent C. Technology D. Labor Union

THE GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESS CHAPTER 13 SECTION 2

WHAT THREE THINGS DO YOU NEED TO BUILD A BUSINESS?  What is capital?  Horizontal Consolidation  Vertical Consolidation Coke fields purchased by Carnegie Coke fields Iron ore deposits purchased by Carnegie Coke fields Iron ore deposits Steel mills purchased by Carnegie Coke fields Iron ore deposits Steel mills Ships purchased by Carnegie Coke fields Iron ore deposits Steel mills Ships Railroads purchased by Carnegie LAND LABOR CAPITAL

BUSINESS TYCOONS “Robber Barons”  leaders built their fortunes through corruption  They drained the country of its natural resources.  They persuaded public officials to interpret laws in their favor.  They ruthlessly drove their competitors to ruin.  They paid their workers meager wages and forced them to toil under dangerous and unhealthful conditions. “Captains of Industry”  The business leaders served their nation in a positive way.  They created jobs that enabled many Americans to buy new goods and raise their standard of living.  They also created museums, libraries, and universities, many of which still serve the public today.

POLITICAL CARTOON!  What does the man in the top hat represent? How do you know?  What does the man on the ground represent? How do you know?  What is happening in this cartoon?  What are the symbols?

BUSINESS STRATEGY  Andrew Carnegie – Vertical Con.  Steel tycoon  He preached the “gospel of wealth”  Make as much money as possible in any way possible, then give it away  Gave away 80% of his fortune  John D. Rockefeller – Horizontal Con.  created Standard Oil Trust in 1882  This was in response to government ban on monopolies  A trust is when a group of separate companies are placed under the control of a managing company  Companies turned their financial assets over to the trust  Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust

BUSINESS GROWTH — Assessment  Andrew Carnegie practiced vertical consolidation to build his steel-making empire. Vertical consolidation is A. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one company B. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a company C. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s development D. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company  John D. Rockefeller practiced horizontal consolidation to build his monopoly on the oil industry. Horizontal consolidation is A. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one company B. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a company C. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s development D. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company

BUSINESS GROWTH — Assessment  Andrew Carnegie practiced vertical consolidation to build his steel-making empire. Vertical consolidation is A. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one company B. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a company C. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s development D. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company  John D. Rockefeller practiced horizontal consolidation to build his monopoly on the oil industry. Horizontal consolidation is A. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one company B. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a company C. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s development D. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company