Revolutions in Asia Intro: Assignment #1 Think about…violence vs. non-violence as a way to change society. 1.When (if ever) is violence justified in changing society? 2.What are advantages/disadvantages of using violence to change society? 3.What are some non-violent tactics people use to try and change society? 4.What are advantages/disadvantages of using non-violence to change society?

New Unit Calendar! - Assign debate project roles

Revolutions in Asia: WHO Similar Goals: Different philosophies “”An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind” “Communism is not love. Communism is a hammer which we use to crush the enemy.”

Revolutions in Asia: How Mao: Envisioned communist revolution of peasants Used violent tactics to win Civil War with Nationalists Used Totalitarian tactics as leader of China

Gandhi: Used non-violent tactics to end British rule in India -Protest -Hunger Strike -Boycott

Revolutions in Asia: WHY Gandhi Saw peaceful resistance as best way to transition India into a self-governing, democratic state Acted as a motivator and spiritual leader, NOT government leader Mao Saw revolution as a means to gain rights for the poorest in society: the peasants, who experienced oppression from the wealthy Used totalitarian tactics to keep single party rule. More on Mao Zedong after Spring Break ‘

Focus This Week: India and Gandhi Remember Imperialism? Why did countries (like Great Britain, France, Belgium etc) want to create empires? What do you remember about Imperialism in India? ….British East India Company ….Sepoy Rebellion & Raj ….Jewel in the Crown ….Pros and Cons for India & British

India’s Independence Movement Many Indians protested being second class citizens in their own country. They were barred from top positions in government and made less money. Indian National Congress is founded in 1885 to represent the concerns of Indians....by the early 1900s they were calling for self government

WWI sparks more hope for independence.... Many Indians who helped Britain during WWI thought they would be rewarded with home rule and protests erupt when they are not. Britain passes Rowlatt Act to jail protesters.

Indian Independence Movement Grows British government opens fire on 10,000 peaceful protesters gathered in protest of Rowlatt Acts. 400 are killed and 1200 are wounded. This becomes known as the Amritsar Massacre.

Mohandas K. Gandhi takes “Elitist” Indian Independence Movement to the Masses Upper Caste, British-educated lawyer Spent 20 years in South Africa before returning to India Later known as Mahatma or “Great Soul” Gandhi’s Major Goals For India 1.Economic Self-Sufficiency 2.Hindu-Muslim Unity 3.Abolish Caste System 4.Full Political Independence Gandhi’s Methods For Achieving Goals: Public and publicized acts of non-violent civil disobedience. These included boycotts, marches and strikes involving huge numbers of people willing to break unjust laws and then accepting punishment without resistance.

Civil Disobedience Definition Definition: The deliberate and public refusal to obey and unjust law. PUBLIC PROTEST OF AN UNFAIR LAW NON-VIOLENT INCLUDES A LOT OF PEOPLE PASSIVE!!!

Gandhi’s Major Goals in India 1.Political independence from British Rule 2.Economic self-sufficiency 3.Hindu-Muslim unity 4.Abolish caste system – a strict class system that had existed for centuries.

Gandhi’s Tactics Boycott - When British forced India to buy British cotton, Gandhi encouraged people to weave their own Strikes and demonstrations Hunger Strike

Salt March (1930) Protesting British salt tax, Gandhi leads 400km march to the sea to make his own salt Leads to 60,000 Indians being arrested  What purpose will this serve?

India’s Independence…and Partition (1947) England grants India first limited home rule (1935) and then full independence (1947) Religious unrest  Riots break out in major cities as Muslims protest Hindu run government British officials partition of India into two nations: India and Pakistan Results in mass movement of 10 million people.

Gandhi and Partition “What is there to celebrate? I see only rivers of blood.” Gandhi is assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu who thought Gandhi too protective of Muslim refugees. PARTITION’S EFFECTS TODAY: The area of Kashmir is still disputed by India and Pakistan today