R & D Status report on INO Naba K Mondal Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India

2 2 INO Detector Concept

3 3 ICAL Detector Specifications No of modules 3 Module dimension 16 m X 16 m X 12 m Detector dimension 48 m X 16 m X 12 m No of layers 140 Iron plate thickness 6 cm Gap for RPC trays 2.5 cm Magnetic field 1.5 Tesla RPC unit dimension 2 m X 2 m Readout strip width 2 cm No. of RPCs/Road/Layer 8 No. of Roads/Layer/Module 8 No. of RPC units/Layer 192 Total no of RPC units No of Electronic channels 3.6 X 10 6

4 4 Physics using atmospheric neutrinos during Phase I Reconfirm atmospheric neutrino oscillationReconfirm atmospheric neutrino oscillation Improved measurement of oscillation parametersImproved measurement of oscillation parameters Search for potential matter effect in neutrino oscillationSearch for potential matter effect in neutrino oscillation Determining the sign of  m 2 23 using matter effectDetermining the sign of  m 2 23 using matter effect Measuring deviation from maximal mixing for  23Measuring deviation from maximal mixing for  23 Probing CP and CPT violationProbing CP and CPT violation Constraining long range leptonic forcesConstraining long range leptonic forces Ultra high energy neutrinos and muonsUltra high energy neutrinos and muons

5 5 Construction of RPC Pickup strips Two 2 mm thick float Glass Separated by 2 mm spacer 2 mm thick spacer Glass plates Resistive coating on the outer surfaces of glass

6 6 First RPC lab at TIFR Gas mixing unit Telescope stand Tools and jigs Gas dist unit NIM CAMAC Gas filter unit

7 7 Early results

8 8 Cosmic Muon Test using small RPCs Stack of 10 RPCs Gas unit Telescope DAQ Streamer mode (R134a=62%, Argon=30% and the rest Iso-Butane) Argon=30% and the rest Iso-Butane) Recording hits, timing, noise rates etc Recording hits, timing, noise rates etc

9 9 Long-term stability tests of RPCs Two RPCs (J2 & J3) built using 2mm Japanese glass for electrodes Readout by a common G-10 based signal pickup panel sandwiched between the RPCs Operated in avalanche mode (R134a: 95.5% and the rest isobutene) at 9.3KV Round the clock monitoring of RPC and ambient parameters – Temperature, Relative humidity and Barometric pressure Under continuous operation for more than two years. Chamber currents, noise rate, combined efficiencies etc are stable

10 RPC building blocks

11 Making of RPC gap

12 RPC fabrication

13 RPC Fabrication

14 Testing of Large Area RPCs using cosmic ray muons Trigger Scintillators

15 Signal from RPC Charge distribution Timing distribution Muon pulse

16 Effect of SF 6 on efficiency & cross talk

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18 R & D on Bakelite Kolkata With silicone coating Efficiency plateau >96% obtained Counting rate decreased Current decreased

19 INO Prototype 12, 1m 2 RPC layers12, 1m 2 RPC layers 13 layers of 5 cm thick magnetised iron plates13 layers of 5 cm thick magnetised iron plates About 1000 readout channelsAbout 1000 readout channels RPC and scintillation paddle triggersRPC and scintillation paddle triggers Hit and timing informationHit and timing information

April, 2008INO Collaboration meeting20 INO Prototype moved to VECC

21 Approval Status DAE has given its approval for the project. This is an “in principle” approval.DAE has given its approval for the project. This is an “in principle” approval. The requested funding for the current plan period ending in March 2012 has been allocated by Indian Planning Commission.The requested funding for the current plan period ending in March 2012 has been allocated by Indian Planning Commission. Detailed Project Report giving our year wise funding request is required for the sanction of the construction money.Detailed Project Report giving our year wise funding request is required for the sanction of the construction money. DPR is in the approval chain.DPR is in the approval chain. Expected to take few more months.Expected to take few more months.

22 Current Detector R & D status 1 m 2 area glass RPCs in avalanche mode working satisfactorily. We are rutinely collecting cosmic ray muon data using a stack of 12 1m 2 RPCs. Efficiencies around 93% and timing resolution ~ 1.5 nsec. A prototype magnet structure with 12 layers of 5 cm thick iron plates has been fabricated and assembled. RPCs needed to activate this prototype detector are being fabricated. A DAQ system for the prototype has been developed & being used to collect cosmic ray muon data.

23 R & D plan for next 6 months Fabrication of full size ( 2m X 2m) RPCs. Prototyping ASIC based front end electronics. Development of gas recirculation system.

24 Thank You