Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / The beginning section of the left anterior descending artery. (a) The 3D geometry constructed in ANSYS DesignModeler; the inserted figure on the top left corner demonstrates the relative location of the region of interest in the left coronary artery (circled). (b) The meshed volume of the solid domain, i.e., the arterial wall. (c) The meshed volume of the fluid domain, i.e., blood. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / The stenosed (60%) left anterior descending artery. Vessel diameter was reduced asymmetrically or symmetrically. The center of the stenosis throat was located 8 mm downstream of the inlet. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / In CFX, y location of each node on LAD wall can be determined by the current radius of curvature R(t), the distance between the inlet and outlet (2 l), and x coordinate of the node. R(t) and center of curvature both change with time. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / The radius of curvature as a function of time Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / Fully developed inlet flow velocity profiles during one cardiac cycle. The maximum flow occurred at t = 0.85 s during diastole; and the minimum flow occurred at t = 0.69 s during systole. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / Velocity distribution in the normal LAD during one cardiac cycle at t = 0.15, 0.30, 0.75, and 0.85 s. The velocity varied between 0 and 18.8 cm/s, with the maximum velocity occurring at the end of diastole, around the curvature. The black arrows indicate the direction of flow. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / Velocity vector distribution around an (a) asymmetric and (b) symmetric stenosis in the left anterior descending artery, at t = 0.85 s during diastole. The maximum velocity around the asymmetric stenosis was 31.2 cm/s and that around the symmetric stenosis was 28.5 cm/s. Recirculation zones induced by asymmetric stenosis were generally larger than those induced by symmetric stenosis. The red arrows indicate the flow direction. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / Wall shear stress contours at t = 0.30 and 0.85 s, in the normal and stenosed LAD artery. Small figures next to each contour depict wall shear stress distribution 8 mm downstream of the bifurcation (marked by red double arrows). For the normal artery, the maximum wall shear stress during one cardiac cycle was 1.2 Pa; with the presence of a 60% stenosis, the maximum wall shear stress increased to 3.31 Pa for the asymmetric case, and 3.02 Pa for the symmetric case. The maximum shear stress occurred at 0.85 s. White arrows indicate flow direction. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / Longitudinal section view of wall stress distribution at t = 0.85 s in normal and stenosed arteries: (a) axial stress; (b) circumferential stress; and (c) radial stress Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / The trajectories of three randomly chosen particles during one cardiac cycle. The red arrows demonstrate the direction of the arterial motion, and the white arrows demonstrate the flow direction. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / The trajectories of three randomly chosen particles in the stenosed left coronary arteries at the end of the cardiac cycle (t = 0.9 s) Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/7/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Effects of Cyclic Motion on Coronary Blood Flow J Biomech Eng. 2013;135(12): doi: / Particle shear stress history along their trajectories, in normal and stenosed left coronary arteries during one cardiac cycle Figure Legend: