1. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 The TCC engine Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Computational domain, measurement location, and measured and GT-power calculated pressure histories Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Mesh arrangement for the fine mesh with in-cylinder mesh size of 1 mm Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 2D contour plots of U mean. Regions with velocity magnitudes less than 25 m/s have been eliminated to better capture the internal jet structure. Figure Legend:

5. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Line contours of U mean for different magnitudes; depicting the intake jet structure Figure Legend:

6. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Line contours of U rms = 3 m/s (dashed) and 2.5 m/s (solid) overlaid on top of the mean velocity contours at 300 deg ATDCE: (a) PIV, (b) LES full, (c) LES partial, (d) RANS (k-ε) full, (e) RANS (k-ε) partial, (f) RANS (RNG) full, and (g) RANS (RNG) partial Figure Legend:

7. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 2D contours of turbulence velocity magnitude (m/s) at Y = 0 plane (300 deg ATDCE): (a) PIV, (b) LES full, (c) LES partial, (d) RANS (k- ε) full, (e) RANS (k-ε) partial, (f) RANS (RNG) full, and (g) RANS (RNG) partial. Comparison of volume-integrated TKE for flow bench models A, B, and C. Figure Legend:

8. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 2D contours of mean velocity (m/s) overlaid with velocity vectors at Y = 0 plane (300 deg ATDCE): (a) PIV, (b) LES full, (c) LES partial, (d) RANS (k-ε) full, (e) RANS (k-ε) partial, (f) RANS (RNG) full, and (g) RANS (RNG) partial Figure Legend:

9. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Line contours of U rms = 12 m/s (75% of the maximum value) overlaid on top of the mean velocity contours (except (f) where U rms = 10 m/s). The line contours enclose the regions with high turbulence velocities at 100 deg ATDCE: (a) PIV, (b) LES full, (c) LES partial, (d) RANS (k-ε) full, (e) RANS (k-ε) partial, (f) RANS (RNG) full, and (g) RANS (RNG) partial. Measured and calculated swirl torque for flow bench models A, B, and C. Figure Legend:

10. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Z-component velocity distributions at Z = 10 mm (right before intake) for (a) full geometry, and (b) partial geometry RANS k-ε simulations at 100 deg ATDCE Figure Legend:

11. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Mean velocity (m/s) distributions at selected cutting planes for full geometry RANS k-ε simulations at 100 deg ATDCE Figure Legend:

12. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows—A Comparative Study J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2014;136(5):051507-051507-9. doi:10.1115/1.4026165 Pressure oscillations at intake port for an individual LES cycle and first two cycles for RANS k-ε simulations Figure Legend: