Table of Contents Title: 3.3 States of Matter Page #: 26 Date: 10/18/2012 Title: 3.3 States of Matter Page #: 26 Date: 10/18/2012

Objectives  Students will be able to describe the states of matter on Earth.  Students will be able to explain the reasons that matter exists in these states.  Students will be able to relate the role of thermal energy to changes in states of mater.  Students will be able to describe the states of matter on Earth.  Students will be able to explain the reasons that matter exists in these states.  Students will be able to relate the role of thermal energy to changes in states of mater.

Words of the Day  Crystalline Structure - The arrangement of particles in a regular geometric pattern.  Thermal - Of, or relating to temperature.  Crystalline Structure - The arrangement of particles in a regular geometric pattern.  Thermal - Of, or relating to temperature.

Solids  Have densely packed particles: ions, atoms, molecules.  Particles are arranged in crystalline structures: They have regular geometric patterns.  Solids have definite shape and volume.  Most crystals are no perfectly shaped because they develop in cramped spaces.  Have densely packed particles: ions, atoms, molecules.  Particles are arranged in crystalline structures: They have regular geometric patterns.  Solids have definite shape and volume.  Most crystals are no perfectly shaped because they develop in cramped spaces.

Solids  Glass: A solid with no regular crystalline structures.  Glass cools down too fast for particles to arrange themselves into patterns.  Glass: A solid with no regular crystalline structures.  Glass cools down too fast for particles to arrange themselves into patterns.

Liquids  Have definite volume, but not definite shape.  Thermal energy (heat) causes particles to vibrate.  When vibrations in a solid get vigorous enough to break the forces holding the solid together, it melts.  Particles then are able to slide past each other, taking the shape of whatever container they are in.  Have definite volume, but not definite shape.  Thermal energy (heat) causes particles to vibrate.  When vibrations in a solid get vigorous enough to break the forces holding the solid together, it melts.  Particles then are able to slide past each other, taking the shape of whatever container they are in.

Gases  Gasses have no definite shape and no definite volume.  The particles in a gas will travel in 1 direction until they bump into either another gas particle, or the wall of the container that they are in.  Evaporation - The change of a liquid to a gas at a temperature below boiling.  Because liquid particles are vibrating, some are able to escape the liquid (evaporate.)  Gasses have no definite shape and no definite volume.  The particles in a gas will travel in 1 direction until they bump into either another gas particle, or the wall of the container that they are in.  Evaporation - The change of a liquid to a gas at a temperature below boiling.  Because liquid particles are vibrating, some are able to escape the liquid (evaporate.)

Plasma  Occurs above 5000º C.  Hot, highly ionized, electrically conductive gases.  The gas of stars.  Lightening.  Neon signs.  Occurs above 5000º C.  Hot, highly ionized, electrically conductive gases.  The gas of stars.  Lightening.  Neon signs.

Changes of State  Melting point: When a sold absorbs enough thermal energy to become a liquid.  Freezing point: When a liquid releases enough energy to become a solid.  These occur at the same temperature for the same substances.  Melting point: When a sold absorbs enough thermal energy to become a liquid.  Freezing point: When a liquid releases enough energy to become a solid.  These occur at the same temperature for the same substances.

Changes of State  Condensation - When a gas releases enough thermal energy to become a liquid.  Happens at the same temperature as the boiling point for the substance.  Sublimation - When a solid changes directly to a gas.  Condensation - When a gas releases enough thermal energy to become a liquid.  Happens at the same temperature as the boiling point for the substance.  Sublimation - When a solid changes directly to a gas.

Conservation of Energy  Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It may be absorbed, released or converted to a different form, but it cannot be made or thrown away!!!