THE BIG BANG AND COSMOLOGY A look at how our universe began.

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Presentation transcript:

THE BIG BANG AND COSMOLOGY A look at how our universe began

A. The Universe 1. Universe - entirety of space, time, matter & energy 2. Cosmology - the study of the structure & evolution of the entire universe. Stephen Hawking Famous Cosmologist: research with the Black Holes (singularity), & the Big Bang.

B. The Big Bang Theory 1. BBT - the universe formed in an instant, 14 billions of years ago, in an enormous explosion. a. Most widely accepted & supported explanation for the formation of our universe.

Light 1.Light takes the form of electromagnetic radiation (waves). Self-propagating: spread by itself without the assistance of another media.

2. Waves of the Electromagnetic Spectrum a. Electromagnetic Spectrum —name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing wavelength

b. Visible light 1). The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can detect. 2). ROYGBIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet) a. red- long waves b. blue-short waves

c. Doppler shift- light shifts toward the red end of the spectrum as it travels away from a fixed point (evidence of expanding galaxies)

a. Hubble’s law states that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. 1. Hubble’s Law

 Hubble’s Law To help visualize the nature of the universe, imagine a loaf of raisin bread dough that has been set out to rise for a few hours. As the dough doubles in size, so does the distance between all the raisins. Those objects located father apart move away from each other more rapidly.

E. Evidence for the Big Bang Theory 1. Hubble’s Law (allows us to measure how fast the universe is moving) 2. Age of oldest known objects a. Using the brightness, mass, color, and chemical composition we can estimate the age of stars b. This information consistent with the age of the universe 3. Cosmic Background radiation- left thermal energy from the big bang a. faint radiation detected in every direction

Video: Stephen Hawking’s explanation of the universe Video: