Tree of Life.    Pictorial representation of the branching patterns of evolution that are reflected in modern taxonomy  Each branch is called a clade.

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Presentation transcript:

Tree of Life



  Pictorial representation of the branching patterns of evolution that are reflected in modern taxonomy  Each branch is called a clade and represents a change or changes that lead to the formation of a new species  The point where they split is called a NODE and represents that last point where they had a common ancestor  The closer two species are on a cladogram, the closer they are related to a common ancestor. Cladogram

 A “splitting” event is some evolutionary change that occurs and results in the divergence of a new species New characteristics are called DERIVED CHARACTERISTICS. Characteristics that are common among several branches are called SHARED CHARACTERISTICS

 Interpreting a Cladogram 1.Which species is the outgroup? 2. After which animals did mammary glands develop? 3.What animal does not have jaws? 4.Which animals have lungs? 5.What is the derived character that separates salamanders and lizards? 6.What is a shared character between pigeons and lizards? 7.Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently- a mouse and a lizard, or a mouse and a perch?

 1. Gather information about species and make a chart. Make a “+” if they have the trait or a “–“ if they don’t. Making a Cladogram Organism Adults Breath With Lungs Amniotic Egg (Protected) Hair Specialized Teeth for Eating Meat Retractable Claws Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo Dog Cat

 1. Gather information about species and make a chart. Make a “+” if they have the trait or a “–“ if they don’t. Making a Cladogram Organism Adults Breath With Lungs Amniotic Egg (Protected) Hair Specialized Teeth for Eating Meat Retractable Claws Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo Dog Cat +++++

 2. Draw a Venn Diagram with the most general organism on the outside. Add concentric circles to the middle indicating the addition of a new trait.

Fish

Derived Trait: Lungs

Fish Frog

Fish Frog

Fish Frog Derived Trait: Amniotic Egg

Fish Frog Lizard

Fish Frog Lizard

Fish Frog Lizard Derived Trait: Hair

Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo

Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo

Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo Derived Trait: Specialized Teeth

Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo Dog

Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo Dog Derived Trait: Retractable Claws

Fish Frog Lizard Kangaroo Dog Cat

 3. Draw a Cladogram. Wherever the Venn Diagram gets more specific, draw a NODE (branching point) and label the organism that branches at that point.

