Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids Learning goals: Students will understand that 1) mitochondria and plastids evolved through endosymbiosis,

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

70s 80s Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Bacterial cells also contain flagellum, plasmid and capsule. Feature Prokaryote Eukaryote.

Advertisements

Endosymbiotic Theory.

Learning goals: Students will understand that 1) molecular mechanisms that preserve the fidelity of the genetic sequence have been favored by natural selection,

Chapter 5: History of Life on Earth. Dates of origins 1. Everything (Universe):14 Bya 2. Solar System (Earth):4.6 Bya Conservative estimates 3. Prokaryotic.

Week 4a - Cells Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Membrane Structure Endomembrane System –Nucleus –ER –Golgi –Lysosome and Vacuoles Mitochondria and Chloroplast.

JYC: CSM17 BioinformaticsCSM17 Week 5: DNA and Genetics Genetics Cell Structure DNA Transcription (->RNA) Protein Structure.

 Date:  Word Parts o Endo means within o Syn means together o Biosis means living  Based on this write a definition for Endosymbiosis.

Plant of the Day! Rafflesia arnoldii (Euphorbiaceae)

Organisation of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Cell Types Mrs. Harlin Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures (plasma membrane and genetic material) and.

CHAPTER 28 THE ORIGINS OF EUKAYOTIC DIVERSITY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section B: The Origin and Early.

DO NOW: A typical cell of prochlorus has a diameter of about 1 µm. Euglena are unicellular organisms that are about 0.05 mm in length. How many procholorus.

EUKARYOTIC EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY. ENDOSYMBIOSIS A theory to explain the origin of eukaryotic organisms - Eukaryotic cells represent the merger of two.

Final JeopardyJeopardy Animal CellsPlant CellsEndosymbiosisEukaryotic v. Prokaryotic $100 $200 $300 $400 $500.

Evolution connection: The Krebs Cycle Learning goals: Students will understand that 1) the uniformity of the Krebs cycle reactions across all life is due.

Evolution of Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes Endosymbiosis.

Chapter 29 & 30 Secondary Endosymbiosis. The Eukaryotic Lineage Eukaryotes are believed to have arisen as a result of symbiosis. All prokaryotes have.

Endosymbiotic Theory. The Endosymbiotic Theory Review:  What is a theory?  What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? The endosymbiotic.

Chapter 4 Mitochondria and Chloroplast. You must know The structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The evolutionary origin of mitochondria.

Evolution connection: Transcription and translation Learning goals: Students will understand that 1) RNA was likely the first genetic material of life,

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes Prokaryotes: (pro- means before, and -karyote means nucleus) First type of cells to evolve Very small (size of.

Evolution connection: Ribosomes Learning goals: Students will understand that 1) some antibiotics work by attacking the ribosome, 2) tiny differences that.

DRAW ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. Evolved to become mitochondrion.

Cells The Building Blocks of Life. A cell A cell.

1 B. Bruce - Cellular Life and its Origin Earliest life started 3.5 Billions Years Ago (BYA), Eukaryotes ~1.7 BYA.

Unit 1 The Biology of Cells

The building blocks of life

Chapter 9 Eukaryotic Cells and Multicellular Organisms

Compare and contrast two cell groups

The History of Life on Earth

Eukaryotes fossil eukaryotes 2 bya “true nucleus”

Chloroplasts & Mitochondria

B- Eukaryotic Cell.

Chapter 9 Eukaryotic Cells and Multicellular Organisms

Prokaryotic V Eukaryotic

Classifying Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells lab 1

TASK 1: STATE THE COMPARISON OF THE PROKARYOTE AND EUKARYOTE

Endosymbiotic Theory.

Eukaryotic Evolution XYU.

Mitochondria Q: What organisms have mitochondria?

Protists Origin of eukaryotic cells

History, Types and General Characteristics of Cells

Ch. 25/26 Warm-Up Answer the following using the diagram below:

The Eukaryotic Cell is clearly developed from Prokaryotic cell Mitochondrion and Chloroplast have similar evolutionary origin.

Protist Evolution BIOL 1407.

What is a cell? Basic functioning unit in unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Unit 1: Cell Biology Section b: Cell Structure and Function

Protists Origin of eukaryotic cells

General Animal Biology

Chapter 4 - Cell Structure and Function

Primary and secondary endosymbiosis

Endosymbiotic Theory.

The cell theory.

Structures and their functions

B- Eukaryotic Cell.

Deep-rooted phylogeny

DRAW ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

Prokaryotic before nucleus Eukaryotic true nucleus.

Unit 1: 1.1 Structure of DNA Organisation of DNA

The Dawning of Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

(1) Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria).

General Animal Biology

Unit 1 Vocabulary Part I.

Presentation transcript:

Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids Learning goals: Students will understand that 1) mitochondria and plastids evolved through endosymbiosis, and 2) this evolutionary history helps us make sense of the characteristics of these organelles. For the instructor: This short slide set explains endosymbiosis. To integrate it best, use these slides immediately after you’ve discussed plant and animal cellular organelles. Slides 7 and 14 could be cut to save time. Each of the following slides comes with a sample script for the instructor. To review this script, download the PowerPoint file and view the Notes associated with each slide.

What is unique about the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane

What is unique about the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane their own DNA Photo from Christian Kukat, Christian A. Wurm, Henrik Spåhr, Maria Falkenberg, Nils-Göran Larsson, and Stefan Jakobs. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that mammalian mitochondrial nucleoids have a uniform size and frequently contain a single copy of mtDNA. PNAS (33)

What is unique about the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane their own CIRCULAR DNA circular chloroplast chromosome linear mammalian chromosome

What is unique about the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane their own circular DNA their own ribosomes Image from Sukhjit Kaur, Reynald Gillet, Wen Li, Richard Gursky, and Joachim Frank. Cryo-EM visualization of transfer messenger RNA with two SmpBs in a stalled ribosome PNAS (44)

What is unique about the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane their own circular DNA their own ribosomes multiply by binary fission Mitochondria image © Rockefeller University Press, 1970; originally published in the Journal of Cell Biology 47: Chloroplast image from Shin-ya Miyagishima. Mechanism of Plastid Division: From a Bacterium to an Organelle. Plant Physiol :

What is unique about the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane their own circular DNA their own ribosomes multiply by binary fission

Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts so weird? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids double membrane their own circular DNA their own ribosomes multiply by binary fission

Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts so weird? Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids Because of their evolutionary history! Both evolved via endosymbiosis.

Endosymbiosis in a series 1. Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids

Endosymbiosis in a series 1. Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids

Endosymbiosis in a series 2. Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids

Endosymbiosis in a series 2. Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids

Endosymbiosis in a series 3. Evolution connection: Mitochondria and Plastids dinoflagellate euglenoid Dinoflagellate photo by Minami Himemiya. Euglenoid photo by Rogelio Moreno.

References: Bhattacharya, D., Yoon, H. S., and Hackett, J. D. (2004). Photosynthetic eukaryotes unite: endosymbiosis connects the dots. Bioessays. 26: Chat J., Chalak L., and Petit R. J. (1999). Strict paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA and maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in intraspecific crosses of kiwifruit. Theoretical & Applied Genetics. 99: Emelyanov, V. V. (2001). Rickettsiaceae, Rickettsia-like endosymbionts, and the origin of mitochondria. Bioscience Reports. 21: McFadden, G. I. (2001). Primary and secondary endosymbiosis and the origin of plastids. Journal of Phycology. 37: Yoon, H. S., Hackett, J. D., Ciniglia, C., Pinto, G., and Bhattacharya, D. (2004). A molecular timeline for the origin of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21: