1. Prokaryotic V Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells –
(‘pro’ = before, ‘karyote’ = nucleus) have no nucleus or nuclear membranes.
Eukaryotic cells –
(‘eu’ = true, ‘karyote’ = nucleus) have a nucleus bounded by nuclear membranes.
Timeline showing evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

2. Structure of a generalised bacterial cell
Nucleoid – general area where DNA lies
Label your diagram
Plasmid –small circular piece of DNA

3. Comparisons.... Prokaryotic cells
No true nucleus, only diffuse area(s) of nucleoplasm
No nucleolus
Circular strands of DNA but no proteins to make up chromosomes
No membrane bound organelles
No chloroplasts, only photosynthetic lamellae in some bacteria
Ribosomes are smaller (70S)
Flagella if present lack internal 9+2 microtubule arrangement
No ER or associated Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Eukaryotic cells
Distinct nucleus, with nuclear envelope
Nucleolus is present
Chromosomes present in which DNA is located, DNA molecules linear
Membrane bound organelles are present
Chloroplasts present in plants and algae
Ribosomes are larger (80S)
Undulipodia have 9+2 internal microtubule arrangement
ER present along with Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
Where present, cell wall is made mostly of cellulose or chitin.

4. Evolution of Eukaryotic Organelles
Lynn Margulis

5. Prokaryotes and disease MRSA (methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus)
Resistance coded on plasmid DNA – bacteria can share plasmids with each other – pass on resistance to daughter cells during binary fission
Prokaryotes that help
Food industry
Mammalian intestines
Skin
Sewage treatment