Happy Monday Juniors! Today: 1.Midterm Test Inquiry: How are we going to annihilate the Midterm? HW: Study for test Tuesday/Thursday!

Test Review Work either individually or form a group – Write down everything you know about the categories on your review sheet! Remember to be as SPECIFIC as possible!

Unit 1 Review Questions 1.What were the major arguments between the British and the Colonists? 2.What issues were at the center of the Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate? 3.How did the final Constitution deal with the Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate? (ie what was included to appease both sides)

Unit 2 Review Questions 1.What were the different the processes for determining whether a state was “slave” or “free”? 2.How did African American rights change after the Civil War? 3.How did Manifest Destiny impact Native Americans? 4.What was the goal of the Mexican American War?

1.How did Big Businesses and their owners help and harm society? 2.How do businesses use vertical and horizontal integration? What are the pros and cons of these strategies? 3.Why do people join unions and why do they go on strike? 4.How did Americans respond to new immigrants? 5.How do political bosses/machines relate to big business and immigration? Unit 3 Review Questions

CHOMEBOOK ASSIGNMENTS Get the Chomebook with your number/color (26 is the super black one) Login with your google account (or set one up) Go to my website Click on the “Link to Google Form” link on the right hand side. Fill out the form (gmail and class period) Profit

HAPPY TWO WEEKS TILL HALLOWEEN! Today: 1.Get your Chromebook and Login to your Drive 2.HOT ROC: The Jungle 3. Muckrakers: Exposing the Problems of Industry Essential Question: How did reform and improvement come about during the Gilded Age?

HOT ROC: The Jungle Go to your ‘Class View’ Folder and go to the notes that everyone can see. – Make a copy and save it in your drive – Then return to the class view copy – we’re going to chat on the side during the HOT ROC: Open Chat – Say Hi to your Classmates (Remember I WILL READ EVERYTHING) On the following slide, I am going to read an excerpt from a book called The Jungle – As I read I want you to type to your classmates any thoughts, feelings, and/or observations that you may have while listening to the story.

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906) What type of action is this story trying to inspire? What strategies is it using? “There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was mouldy and white—it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it.”

The Muckrakers The “muckrakers”: a group of journalists who uncovered the nation’s problems during the Gilded Age – First investigative journalists! – Promoting reform by focusing on shocking and disgusting things

Notable Muckrakers Upton Sinclar: investigated food production industry and exposed health and safety concerns Ida Tarbell: investigated Rockefeller’s oil monopoly and exposed business corruption Jacob Riis: investigated cities and exposed poverty

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis Source: Jacob Riis was a “muckraker” who photographed poverty in New York City’s slums in the 1880s. “Muckrakers” were reform-minded journalists that worked to expose social problems. The following excerpts come from Jacob Riis’s book How the Other Half Lives, published in 1890 The Italian in New York The Italian comes in at the bottom. In the slums he is welcomed as a tenant who "makes less trouble" than the Irishman. He is content to live in a pig-sty and lets the rent collector rob him. Ordinarily he is easily governed by authority—except for Sunday, when he settles down to a game of cards and lets loose (releases) all his bad passions. Like the Chinese, the Italian is a born gambler. His soul is in the game from the moment the cards are on the table, and very frequently his knife is in it too before the game is ended. Chinatown Red and yellow are the holiday colors of Chinatown, but they do not add any brightness to the streets. Rather, the colors only add a general dullness (are boring). Whatever happens in Chinatown goes on behind closed doors in stealth and secretiveness. The Chinaman’s business, like his domestic life, hides from the light, not really because there is anything to conceal but because that is the way of the Chinaman. The stranger who enters through the doorway is received with sudden silence, a sullen stare, and an angry "Vat you vant?" that breathes (suggests) annoyance and distrust. Jewtown Poverty always goes along with dirt and disease, and Jewtown is no exception. The diseases these people suffer from are not due to greed or immorality, but to ignorance, a lack of suitable food, and the foul air in which they live and work. The homes of the Hebrew neighborhood are also its workshops. Every member of the family, from the youngest to the oldest, works all day long in the stuffy rooms where meals are cooked and clothing washed and dried as well. It is not unusual to find a dozen persons—men, women, and children--at work in a single small room. It has happened more than once that a child recovering from small- pox, and still in the most contagious stage of the disease, has been found crawling among piles of clothing that the next day would be offered for sale on the counter of a store.

Inquiry: What can Jacob Riis tell us about what life was like in the cities during the Industrial Era?

Exit Ticket: Who were the Muckrakers and what strategies did they use? Type your answer in your notes: then copy and paste your answer into the chat section of our class notes (if you can) The Muckrakers were investigative journalists that used shocking photos and descriptions to convince consumers and politicians that more government regulation of business was needed and that conditions and urban slums needed to be addressed.