 Japan an island nation had few natural resources or markets.  The Japanese military had taken control of the government and began invading nations of Asia, particularly China & Manchuria.  U.S.A. soon cut off trade and froze Japan’s assets in the U.S..  Japan soon realized that their aggressive behaviors would soon bring the U.S. into the war. America Moves Toward War

Pearl Harbor  December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.  This attack crippled the American fleet, it destroyed most of our battleships, killed 2,400 and wounded another 1,200 servicemen.  The next day, Dec. 8, FDR asks Congress to declare war against Japan, they did!  Germany and Italy responded by declaring war against the U.S.A. “December 7th, a day that will live in infamy” FDR

Forced Relocation of Japanese Americans  The attack on Pearl Harbor created fear that Japanese Americans (Nisei) might commit sabotage along the West coast.  These fears were racially motivated since there was no evidence that these Nisei were no more disloyal than German or Italian Americans.  FDR issued Executive Order 9066 requiring all Japanese Americans to be moved to internment camps away from the West coast of the USA.

Internment of Japanese Americans The relocation of Japanese Americans raised constitutional issues in wartime, Pres. FDR said the action was a military necessity. Korematsu was a Japanese American convicted of trying to remain in a restricted area, he felt his civil rights had been violated. In the Supreme Court case of ”Korematsu v. U.S.” the Court upheld the relocations on the grounds that in wartime constitutional liberties may be limited. It would be 50 years before the U.S. government would apologize and offer compensation.

 112,000 Japanese-Americans were living in the West Coast of the United States on December 7, es/2012/08/wwiiJapaneseAmerica nsChildrenPledgingAllegiance jpg Japanese-American children in school. Japanese-American soldiers

 On February 19, 1942 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive Order  Executive Order 9066 allowed the military to create exclusion zones and exclude any person or group that they deemed a threat.  Japanese-Americans were deemed dangerous and were excluded from the entire West Coast.

112,000 Japanese-Americans were relocated to concentration camps in the interior of the United States. s/wp- content/uploads/2012/09/gallery43.jpg s.com/2010/05/japanese- evacuation1.jpg

Many were forced to sell their businesses. Many were given 48hours to sell all of their belongings and relocate. They were told to bring only what they could carry. tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR aEUH5JsGSIr7aDMpoUpGB6lGMIU0hOe TzuBQVpUuDd59EZCDQiA tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQFVPObN 4uIJEpEUObm8zJ9s6nIqAZJeDUjNcVbcdOB- SUJtPsyhg

 The Japanese-Americans were sent to 10 remote camps in the western portion of the U.S.  Housing consisted of military-style barracks.  Adults could work for $5 a day and children were expected to attend school.

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WWII ends in August 15, The camps began to close down in October of 1945 until December of that same year. Some camps will remain open until October of tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9Gc QztQ- 1mb4ibaGP6DxUb8aGi5qP_rdAi7cXRwZ JhxgbBrQf6cmemA ums/ /eyeswideshut_wwii_part_1 0_017.jpg

Japanese-Americans were incarcerated for almost 5 years and suffered immense Japanese-Americans were incarcerated for almost 5 years and suffered immense economic hardship. No Japanese-Americans were ever convicted of espionage or of any crimes against No Japanese-Americans were ever convicted of espionage or of any crimes against the United States during WWII. In November 2, 1989, President George Bush signed Public law which In November 2, 1989, President George Bush signed Public law which guaranteed funds for reparation payments to the WW II internment survivors. guaranteed funds for reparation payments to the WW II internment survivors. 4/47/Japanese_American_Internment_Member s_of_the_Shibuya_Family_in_Mountain_View,_ California_1942.gif