Bacteria Domain ArchaeaEukarya Kingdom ProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Phylum Chrysophyta (diatoms) Dinophyta (dinoflagellates) Coccolithophorids Foraminiferans Radiolarians Ciliates Chlorophyta (green algae) Phaeophyta (brown algae) Rhodophyta (red algae) * * Few marine representatives Unicellular Multicellular Seagrasses Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Order SiphonophoraOrder Siphonophora Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Ctenophora (comb jellies) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nemertea (ribbon worms) Annelida (segmented worms) Class Polychaeta Class Pogonophera Mollusca Class Gastropoda Class Bivalvia Class Cephalopoda 1

Bacteria Domain ArchaeaEukarya Kingdom ProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Phylum Chrysophyta (diatoms) Dinophyta (dinoflagellates) Coccolithophorids Foraminiferans Radiolarians Ciliates Chlorophyta (green algae) Phaeophyta (brown algae) Rhodophyta (red algae) * * Few marine representatives Unicellular Multicellular Seagrasses(continued…) Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Chelicerata Echinodermata Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum CephalochordataSubphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Vertebrata Agnatha Osteichthyes Chondrichthyes Class Reptilia Class Aves Class Mammalia 2 Pinnipeds Sea Otters, Polar Bears Sirenians Sirenians Cetaceans

Bacteria Domain ArchaeaEukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera (sponges) – NO BODY SYMMETRY Cnidaria – RADIAL SYMMETRY; NEMATOCYSTS (STINGING CELLS) Class Hydrozoa (small, juvenile medusa stage, adult polyp stage) Order Siphonophora (ex. Portuguese man o’war) Class Scyphozoa (“jellyfish”, adult medusa stage, juvenile adult stage) Class Anthozoa (polyp stage only; corals, sea anemones, sea fans) Ctenophora (comb jellies) – 8 ROWS OF CILIA, COLLOBLASTS (STICKY CELLS) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) – BILATERAL SYMMETRY, ORGAN SYSTEMS Nemertea (ribbon worms) – DIGESTIVE TRACT & CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Annelida (segmented worms) – SEGMENTATION, DIGESTIVE TRACT AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Class Polychaeta (bristle worms) Class Pogonophera (bearded worms) Mollusca – MANTLE (SECRETES SHELL) Class Gastropoda (snails) Class Bivalvia (“two hinges”; clams, scallops, mussels, oysters) Class Cephalopoda (“head foot”; nautilus, squid, cuttlefish, octopus

Bacteria Domain ArchaeaEukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda – “JOINTED FOOTED”, EXOSKELETON Subphylum Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, amphipods, isopods) Subphylum Chelicerata (horseshoe crab) Echinodermata – “SPINY SKIN”, PENTAMEROUS SYMMETRY (sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids) Chordata – DORSAL HOLLOW NERVE CORD, GILLS/PHARYNGEAL SLITS, NOTOCORD, POST-ANAL TAIL Subphylum Urochordata – four chordate characteristics during embryonic development only Subphylum Cephalochordata – four chordate characteristics throughout entire life Subphylum Vertebrata Agnatha (jawless fish; lamprey, hagfish) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish; sharks, skates, rays, chimeras) Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Class Reptilia (reptiles) Class Aves (marine birds) Class Mammalia (marine mammals)