Mironova Natalia THE GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

England is the largest part of the United Kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland. England occupies South- Eastern part of the island of great Britain. In the North it borders with Scotland, West Wales. The area of England is km2.

Relief

The southern half of England is a plains, separated by hills and uplands. To the North the terrain becomes more mountainous. In the North of England are the Pennines with a length of about 350 km separating North West England from Yorkshire and North-East, which is also referred to as “the backbone” of England. The highest point in England — mount Scafel pike, with a height of 978 meters. To the East is low-lying marshland, which was largely drained for agricultural use.

Hydrology

In England many rivers flowing. Severn has a length of 354, and the Thames is 334 kilometers. On its coast is 1/5 of England's population; there is greater London. The largest river in Britain — river Thames — its length — 334 km, basin area is calculated in km2. The source of the Thames at the height 108,6 meters, the Cotswolds. The river flows into the North sea. The Manchester supply fresh water from the Lake circle; delivery occurs in two aqueducts. In that part of great Britain, dominated by plains, there are no large lakes, but there are several reservoirs, created by man. European continent from Britain separated by the English channel, Dover, and North sea.

Water resources

The largest underground pool of England, with an area of km2, is under the Cretaceous limestones in the South-Eastern part of the country.

Natural resources

From minerals on the plains of the Midland coal, iron ore, limestone, chalk. In the valley of the Thames are many deposits of Paleogene clay. In the hills is a lot of sedimentary rocks — limestone, chalk, in the plains marl, clay. On the tops of hills — the karsts, on the plains of the moraine. In areas where there are mountains, lots of pasture lands and mineral resources: in the Pieniny lot of coal in the East Midlands iron ore and salt, Embedlinks array — lead-zinc, hematite ore, in Cornwall — lead-zinc, and tin. In the North sea large deposits of oil and gas.

Climate

The climate of England is unsustainable, there is fog and wind with significant gusts. Winter in England is wet and soft. In January the average temperature ranges from +4 to +6°. Wind blowing from the South-West, contributes to increasing winter temperatures, but along with that it brings rains and storms. Wind blowing from the East and North-East England bring in frosty weather. In southern England snow is considered a rare phenomenon. But East of winter temperature lower. Spring is dominated by cold winds blowing from North, but at this time rain is scarce. Summer in England with the coolness. In July, the temperature in the South-Eastern part of the UK ranges from +16 to +32°. Most precipitation occurs in August. With the advent of autumn begin to intensify cyclones. The rains are accompanied with storms. The contrast of mixed temperature — warm air and the cold surface of the Islands contributes to the appearance of fog.

Vegetation

Forests make up 4 % of the whole territory of the country, national parks — about 7 %. The UK ranks last in Europe in this respect. In England, there has been active afforestation and spread of the exotic species of plants. Only in England 10 national parks with a total area of km2. Forests are mainly concentrated in river valleys and on the foothills of the mountains. Among the trees — oak, elm, hornbeam, beech, ash. Plants growing in the meadows of the country — daffodils, lilies, orchids, primrose. However, meadows help England not more than reserves. In the mountains there are Heather, juniper, bilberry, crowberry, snowdrop, Bluebell, Buttercup.

Animal world

From fauna the most common fallow- deer( лань), roe ( косуля), fox, badger (барсук), hedgehog (ёж), American gray squirrel (Американская серая белка), rabbit, shrew (землеройка), field mouse (полевая мышь), red deer (красный олень). In southern England you can meet ROE deer, in areas where there are mountains, and wild goats (дикие козы). If there is a Viper, killing her is forbidden, because it is in the red book. Birds and 130 species. English people like to monitor their activities. The population had a passion for hunting, and, unfortunately, in the XXI century in the country has completely disappeared bears (медведи), boars (кабаны), Irish deer (ирландские олени), wolves and all large predators. Now the hunters are very popular for hunting otters (выдр), ermines (горностаев) and weasels (ласок).

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