Chapter 17 Urinary System Caroline Phelps 3 rd Period

Function of Urinary System Remove liquid waste from the blood in urine Keep a stable balance of substances in blood Produce erythropoietin Remove urea from the blood

Structures and Their Functions Kidney: filters wastes and extra water from the blood Nephron: responsible for forming urine Ureter: tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder Urethra: carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Bladder: temporarily stores urine

Regions of the Kidneys Renal Pyramids: base of pyramid faces towards the cortex; tip of pyramid pints toward the inner region of the kidney Renal Columns: extensions of cortex-like tissue that separate the renal pyramids Renal Pelvis: continuous with ureter leaving the hilum; calyces enclose the tips of the renal pyramids

Blood Supply to Kidneys Aorta Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Cortical radiate artery Afferent arteriole Glomerulus (capillaries) Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries Cortical radiate vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein Inferior vena cava

Formation of Urine Glomerular Filtration: Water and solutes are forced through the capillary walls and pores of the glomerular capsule into the renal tubule Tubular Reabsorption: Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into t he tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood Tubular Secretion: H, K, creatinine, and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate

Characteristics of Urine Components: nitrogenous wastes and unneeded substances Color: clear and pale to deep yellow Smell: slightly aromatic; ammonia odor pH: slightly acidic (around 6) but changes with what you eat

Abnormal Components of Urine Glucose: Glycosuria – caused by excessive intake of sugary foods Proteins: Proteinuria – caused by physical exertion, pregnancy, and hypertension WBCs: Pyuria – caused by a UTI RBCs: Hematuria – caused by bleeding in urinary tract fro trauma, kidney stones, or infection Hemoglobin: Hemoglobinuria – caused by transfusion reaction or hemolytic anemia Bile pigment: Bilirubinuria – caused by liver disease (Hepatitis)

Difference Between Urethra in Male and Female Male: Used for urinary system and reproductive system Female: Used only for urinary system

Conditions of the Urinary System Renal calculi: Kidney stones Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra Pyelitis: Inflammation of the kidney

True or False Review Questions 1.One of the main functions of the urinary system is to remove urea from the blood. 2.Nephrons are responsible for forming urine. 3.There are four regions of the kidney. 4.Blood supply to the kidneys start at the inferior vena cava and end at the aorta. 5.Glomerular filtration is the last step in the formation of urine. 6.Pale to white urine indicates you are hydrated. 7.Glycosuria is not an abnormal component of urine 8.The female urethra is used in both the urinary system and reproductive system. 9.Renal calculi is also known as a kidney stone. 10.Pyelitis is inflammation of the kidney.

True or False Review Answers 1.True 2.True 3.False 4.False 5.False 6.True 7.False 8.False 9.True 10.True